The Effects of Behavioral Inhibition: Integrating Internal Cues, Cognition, Behavior, and Affect

Pleasure, Arousal, Dominance: Mehrabian and Russell revisited

“…This tripartite view includes behaviour as a conative dimension (Allport, 1940;Wolff , 1980;Baumgarten, 1980;Arriaga et al, 2001;Gerdes, et al, 2008). Since then, many authors pay attention to the interrelated role of affect, cognition and behaviour (Ostrom, 1969;Breckler, 1984;Knopf, 1987;Fiedler et al, 1988;Polivy, 1998;Gabriel et al, 1999;Thompson, 1999;Farley et al, 2003;Stangor, 2013). The ABC psychology demonstrates a strong affinity with the three functions of the soul that were already mentioned by Plato: feeling, thinking and acting The distinction between feeling, thinking and acting is used since a long time until nowadays as a common view on psychological experience, e.g.…”

Integrating Implicit Motives, Explicit Motives, and Perceived Abilities: The Compensatory Model of Work Motivation and Volition

“…First, volition can be ineffective, as shown with respect to emotion control (Morris & Reilly, 1987) and attention control (Wegner, 1994). Ineffective volition accounts for difficulties in suppressing tempting impulses and in supporting intentions such as quitting smoking and keeping to a diet (Polivy, 1998). Second, volition may block cognitive capacities, which then are unavailable for other task-related activities (Kanfer & Ackerman, 1989).…”

“…In a work-related context, Kehr, Bles, and Von Rosenstiel (1999) found that rigid self-control impeded managers' goal attainment and affective responses. Fourth, volition may have negative side-effects, such as strain, emotional distress, maladaptive behavior, and behavioral excesses after relapse (Cantor & Blanton, 1996;Polivy, 1998). People who constantly overemphasize cognitive preferences, ignore affective preferences, and use dysfunctional volitional strategies (e.g., negative fantasies, extreme internal pressure) may suffer from impaired well-being and alienation Kuhl & Fuhrmann, 1998;Polivy, 1998).…”

The false hope syndrome: unrealistic expectations of self-change

“…Unfortunately, however, the optimism and positive affect that may accompany the beginning of an attempt to change tend to dissipate with the vicissitudes of actually working to effect the change. 17 As negative emotions build, behavioral suppression gives way to overindulgence, 20 and behavior may spiral out of control. Zero tolerance beliefs, or all-or-nothing thinking contribute further to the likelihood of failure.…”