Pleasure, Arousal, Dominance: Mehrabian and Russell revisited

Bakker, Iris; Voordt, D.J.M. van der; Vink, P.; Boon, Jan de

doi:10.1007/s12144-014-9219-4

Cited by 268 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The emotional state can be divided into three emotional dimensions—pleasure, arousal, and dominance, and many studies have investigated the effect of retail store environmental factors on shoppers' behavioral responses through the mediating effect of these emotional dimensions (Eroglu, Machleit, & Barr, ; Grewal, Baker, Levy, & Voss, ). Bakker, van der Voordt, Vink, and de Boon () mention that people exhibit three types of responses while interacting with a stimulus in the environment: affect, behavior, and cognition that lead to feelings, thoughts, and/or responses. The research further shows similarities between the affect‐behavior‐cognition trilogy and the three response dimensions of pleasure‐arousal‐dominance.…”

Section: Hypotheses Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human crowding and store messiness: Drivers of retail shopper confusion and behavioral intentions

Coskun

Gupta

Burnaz

2019

J of Consumer Behaviour

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With today's cut‐throat competition, brick and mortar retailers are engaging in various in‐store elements like ambience, visual design, and social factors to entice consumers. However, these environmental stimuli if not used properly can lead to retail shopper confusion that can negatively influence shopper behavioral intentions. Drawing on the theoretical argument that information overload facilitates retail shopper confusion, two experimental studies are conducted. The findings of both studies suggest a main effect of human crowding and store messiness for each dimension of retail shopper confusion—irritation, inefficiency, and helplessness. Mediating role of retail shopper confusion between human crowding, store messiness, and shopping behavioral intentions is also examined. Interactive impact of human crowding and store messiness suggests store messiness to be more problematic. The moderating role of shopping motivations (task vs. recreational) is also examined that suggests the negative effect of retail shopper confusion for consumers pursuing recreational shopping motivations. These findings across the two studies offer a new perspective that recommend the importance of organized retail store environments. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

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Section: Hypotheses Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human crowding and store messiness: Drivers of retail shopper confusion and behavioral intentions

Coskun

Gupta

Burnaz

2019

J of Consumer Behaviour

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“…Whereas pleasure and arousal have received a great deal of scholarly attention, dominance has typically been downplayed (Bakker et al, 2014), especially in retail and service research (Yani-de-Soriano and Foxall, 2006). In fact, several studies have overlooked this affective dimension entirely (e.g., Chebat and Michon, 2003; Donovan et al, 1994;Mattila and Wirtz, 2001; Sherman et al, 1997;Wirtz et al, 2000), often without justification (cf.…”

Section: The Stimulus-organism-response (S-o-r) Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smile for a while: the effect of employee-displayed smiling on customer affect and satisfaction

Otterbring

2017

JOSM

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PostprintThis is the accepted version of a paper published in Journal of Service Management. This paper has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination. Citation for the original published paper (version of record):Otterbring, T. (2017) Smile for a while: the effect of employee-displayed smiling on customer affect and satisfaction. Journal of Service Management, 28(2): 284-304https://doi.org/10.1108/ JOSM-11-2015-0372 Access to the published version may require subscription. N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published paper. Permanent link to this version:http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-65528 1 Smile for a while: The effect of employee-displayed smiling on customer affect and satisfaction IntroductionThe face is believed to be the primary non-verbal channel for the communication of emotions (Small and Verrochi, 2009), with smiling being the most direct sign of positive emotions (Ekman, 1992). Smiling is a universal display (Darwin, 1872(Darwin, /1965 Ekman and Friesen, 1969; Lau, 1982) and is cross-culturally understood as a sign of happiness and joy (Ekman, 1992).Therefore, there is a very strong agreement (typically above 90 percent) between people from Western and Eastern cultures, independent of their age and gender, in determining whether an individual is happy or not, solely by looking at the individual's face (e.g., Ekman and Friesen, 1971; Ekman et al., 1987). Research also shows that all positive emotions share one single facial expression: a particular type of smile (Ekman, 1993). Thus, unlike many other expressions, smiling represents one of our few basic emotions (Ekman, 1992) and is collectively understood as a sign of friendliness, generosity, and other altruistic behaviors (Brown et al., 2003; Gabriel et al., 2015; Grandey and Gabriel, 2015; Lau, 1982;Mehu et al., 2008).Applied to a consumer context, many retail and service settings explicitly require their employees to offer "service with a smile" (Barger and Grandey, 2006; Beal et al., 2006; Grandey and Gabriel, 2015) and customers associate such behavior with high-quality service (Rafaeli and Sutton, 1987). In their conceptual framework of emotions as part of the work role, Rafaeli and Sutton (1987) argued that positive employee-displayed emotions should result in three different classes of positive outcomes from the organization's perspective:immediate gains (short-term effects such as sales), encore gains (long-term effects such as store loyalty), and contagion gains (long-term effects such as positive word-of-mouth). In support of these claims, positive employee-displayed emotions and behaviors (such as 2 smiling, greeting, expressing gratitude, and establishing eye contact with customers) increase customers' positive affect (Pugh, 2001;Trougakos et al., 2011), time spent in the store (Tsai and Huang, 2002), and actual consumption or tipping behavior (Otterbring et al., 2013a;Tidd and Lockard, 1978). Furthermore, positive employee-displayed emot...

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“…At the same time, findings of the present study suggest that not only visual characteristics guide similarity judgments but that associations and affective-evaluative judgments also account for the (dis)similarities of visual stimuli -although to a less significant extent. The participants' affective-evaluative responses emerged to correspond to the three dimensions of semantic and affective space theories: valence, arousal, and dominance [45][46][47]. Affective strategies, however, were mentioned least often by the participants of the study to explain grouping decisions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Affective strategies: In 17.1% of the responses or 38 times, participants explained their grouping decisions by evaluating the shapes. Such responses emerged as corresponding to the three dimensions found in semantic and affective space theories [45][46][47]. Hence, participants' evaluative responses were further differentiated based on this deductive, theory-driven consideration, corresponding to the three dimensions of affect -valence, arousal, and dominance.…”

Section: Qualitative Content Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Shape Matters—On the Inherent Qualities of Geometric Shapes for Cartographic Representations

Klettner

2019

IJGI

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All human communication involves the use of signs. By following a mutually shared set of signs and rules, meaning can be conveyed from one entity to another. Cartographic semiology provides such a theoretical framework, suggesting how to apply visual variables with respect to thematic content. However, semiotics does not address how the choice and composition of such visual variables may lead to different connotations, interpretations, or judgments. The research herein aimed to identify perceived similarities between geometric shape symbols as well as strategies and processes underlying these similarity judgments. Based on a user study with 38 participants, the (dis)similarities of a set of 12 basic geometric shapes (e.g., circle, triangle, square) were examined. Findings from cluster analysis revealed a three-cluster configuration, while multidimensional scaling further quantified the proximities between the geometric shapes in a two-dimensional space. Qualitative and quantitative content analyses identified four strategies underlying the participants’ similarity judgments, namely visual, affective, associative, and behavioral strategies. With the findings combined, this research provides a differentiated perspective on shape proximities, cognitive relations, and the processes involved.

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Pleasure, Arousal, Dominance: Mehrabian and Russell revisited

Cited by 268 publications

References 76 publications

Human crowding and store messiness: Drivers of retail shopper confusion and behavioral intentions

Human crowding and store messiness: Drivers of retail shopper confusion and behavioral intentions

Smile for a while: the effect of employee-displayed smiling on customer affect and satisfaction

Why Shape Matters—On the Inherent Qualities of Geometric Shapes for Cartographic Representations

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