Studies on color preferences are dependent on the topic and the relationships with personal characteristics, particularly personality, but these are seldom studied in one population. Therefore a questionnaire was collected from 1095 Dutch people asking for color preferences about different topics and relating them to personal characteristics. Color preferences regarding different topics show different patterns and significant differences were found between gender, age, education and personality such as being technical, being emotional or being a team player. Also, different colors were mentioned when asked for colors that stimulate to be quiet, energetic, and able to focus or creative. Probably, due to unconsciousness of contexts, many people had no color preference, a result that in the literature seldom is mentioned. Blue was the overall favorite color; however, most males chose for blue (25%) while most females had no color preference (18%). Black was the overall favorite color for clothing, mainly chosen by females (40%), while males primarily chose blue (27%). For building interiors subjects preferred white. For moods, subjects preferred white for being quiet or being able to focus, red for being energetic and had no color preference for being creative. It is concluded that color preferences are dependent upon the topic, and personal characteristics. The findings are important for architects, interior designers, fashion designers and product designers to have a basic idea of preferred colors for different objects by different types of people. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 62–71, 2015
Van der Voordt, T., Bakker, I., and De Boon, J. (2017) AbstractPurpose -Studies on color preferences for different types of spaces are scarce and show ambiguous results. This paper presents data about preferred colors for two work environments: the office and a meeting room, and two residential spaces: the living room and the bed room. Furthermore correlations are explored with personal characteristics such as gender, age and education, and type of person, and what factors might explain different color preferences. Method -The data were collected by means of a questionnaire that was distributed among 1077 Dutch persons. Findings -The color white was most frequently mentioned as the preferred color, by 32-44% of all male respondents and 28-38% of all female respondents, dependent on type of space. The choice 'no color preference' rated high as well: by men 11-22%, by women 7-22%. Significant correlations were found between preferred colors for different types of spaces and gender, age, education and type of person. Research limitations -Only Dutch people completed the questionnaires. Due to the many influencing factors, only a selection of the conceptual model could be empirically tested. Practical implications -Information about color preferences for different types of spaces can support clients, end users and (interior) architects to create environments that people like, which may influence peoples' wellbeing in a positive way. It is suggested to apply colors in the built environment more like nature shows. Originality/value -Up till now, no information was available about color preferences for different types of spaces in connection to different types of persons. Type of paper -Research paper.
Purpose This paper aims to review available research into the impact of plants on people and labour productivity in order to test a number of hypotheses and the reliability and validity of "evidence based" statements. Methodology An extended literature review has been conducted of research concerning the potential impacts of plants on people and labour productivity. In order to be able to compare the findings of different researchers, an analysis has been made of similarities and dissimilarities with regard to the research context, starting-points and test methods. Findings The paper identifies a lack of precise descriptions of the research design and poor comparability between different research with regard to the characteristics of the plant, test persons, test procedures, surrounding conditions and contents of the reports. Although we may conclude that plants can have a positive impact on the productivity of human beings, it is remarkable that in research reports and research papers the properties of the plant itself are only mentioned by exception. The condition of the plant -whether it is healthy or not -is not described at all. Limitations "Only" 17 studies and underlying papers were investigated and no new research has been conducted with the proposed improvements. Practical implications The findings can be used by managers to legitimate investments in plants and by researchers to improve (the comparability of) research into plants. Originality. In addition to the review of the impact of plants on different types of productivity a vision is presented about the impact of the vitality of plants. Furthermore recommendations are given on how to cope with the methodological problem of poor comparability of research.
This research discusses the validity of applying questionnaires in colour research in real life settings.In the literature the conclusions concerning the influences of colours on human performance and wellbeing are often conflicting. This can be caused by the artificial setting of the test process. Applying questionnaires could also be a cause. To avoid the disadvantages of an artificial setting, a colour research process was organized in a real life setting. In order to get a better understanding of the validity and possible pitfalls in using questionnaires, the responses to the questionnaires were analysed. During colour research looking for the colour influences on perceived productivity, social cohesion and wellbeing during meetings, responses to questionnaires were compared with findings from observations of behaviour and additional interviews with the respondents. Discrepancies were found indicating weaknesses of applying questionnaires in colour research. The findings suggest that questionnaires alone are not a fully appropriate tool to establish the colour influences. Triangulation by observations, additional interviews and sampling techniques can improve the validity of measuring the influence of different colours.
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