The effects of 2 weeks of interval vs continuous walking training on glycaemic control and whole-body oxidative stress in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a controlled, randomised, crossover trial

Karstoft, Kristian; Clark, Margaret A; Jakobsen, Ida Hovdenak; Müller, Ida A; Pedersen, Bente Klarlund; Solomon, Thomas P. J.; Ried‐Larsen, Mathias

doi:10.1007/s00125-016-4170-6

Cited by 44 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…As previously published (28), mean oxygen consumption and heart rates were comparable between CWT and IWT, whereas fast and slow IWT intervals were performed with higher and lower oxygen consumption and heart rates, respectively, compared to CWT.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Conversely, and as previously described (28), measures of glycemic control (mean and maximum 24 h glucose levels) were improved with IWT, with no effects of CON or CWT.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Between interventions, washout periods (8 weeks after CWT/IWT, 4 weeks after CON), where subjects returned to their habitual activity level, were applied to ensure that any intervention-induced effects disappeared before initiation of the next intervention. Other data from this study have previously been published (28). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Given that the analyses in this paper were secondary to other analyses (27, 28) and that no power calculations were performed for RMR outcomes, it may be speculated whether the negative findings were a result of a lack of power. This is further important since a large heterogeneity was seen for changes in RMR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resting Metabolic Rate Does Not Change in Response to Different Types of Training in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2017

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Background and objectivesAmbiguous results have been reported regarding the effects of training on resting metabolic rate (RMR), and the importance of training type and intensity is unclear. Moreover, studies in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are sparse. In this study, we evaluated the effects of interval and continuous training on RMR in subjects with T2D. Furthermore, we explored the determinants for training-induced alterations in RMR.MethodsData from two studies, both including T2D subjects, were encompassed in this manuscript. Study 1 was a randomized, crossover study where subjects (n = 14) completed three, 2-week interventions [control, continuous walking training (CWT), interval-walking training (IWT)] separated by washout periods. Training included 10 supervised treadmill sessions, 60 min/session. CWT was performed at moderate walking speed [aiming for 73% of walking peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak)], while IWT was performed as alternating 3-min repetitions at slow (54% VO2peak) and fast (89% VO2peak) walking speed. Study 2 was a single-arm training intervention study where subjects (n = 23) were prescribed 12 weeks of free-living IWT (at least 3 sessions/week, 30 min/session). Before and after interventions, RMR, physical fitness, body composition, and glycemic control parameters were assessed.ResultsNo overall intervention-induced changes in RMR were seen across the studies, but considerable inter-individual differences in RMR changes were seen in Study 2. At baseline, total body mass (TBM), fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass were all associated with RMR. Changes in RMR were associated with changes in TBM and fat mass, and subjects who decreased body mass and fat mass also decreased their RMR. No associations were seen between changes in physical fitness, glycemic control, or FFM and changes in RMR.ConclusionNeither short-term continuous or interval-type training, nor longer term interval training affects RMR in subjects with T2D when no overall changes in body composition are seen. If training occurs concomitant with a reduction in fat mass, however, RMR is decreased.Clinical Trials Registration ()NCT02320526 and NCT02089477.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Conversely, and as previously described (28), measures of glycemic control (mean and maximum 24 h glucose levels) were improved with IWT, with no effects of CON or CWT.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resting Metabolic Rate Does Not Change in Response to Different Types of Training in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2017

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“…On the other hand, reductions in oxidative stress related to improvements in insulin sensitivity [96••]. In another study, only interval walking training but not continuous walking training improved glycemic control without any effect on oxidative stress in T2D patients [103]. These findings indicate that the training response of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense is dependent on intensity, at least at lower levels of exercising, but again does not necessarily relate to insulin sensitivity or glycemic control.…”

Section: Effects Of Acute and Chronic Exercise On Oxidative Stress Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Janus Head of Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Diseases and During Physical Exercise

Pesta

Roden

2017

Curr Diab Rep

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Purpose of ReviewOxidative stress describes an imbalance between production and degradation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage macromolecules. However, ROS may also serve as signaling molecules activating cellular pathways involved in cell proliferation and adaptation. This review describes alterations in metabolic diseases including obesity, insulin resistance, and/or diabetes mellitus as well as responses to acute and chronic physical exercise.Recent FindingsChronic upregulation of oxidative stress associates with the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). While single bouts of exercise can transiently induce oxidative stress, chronic exercise promotes favorable oxidative adaptations with improvements in muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and glucose uptake.SummaryAlthough impaired antioxidant defense fails to scavenge ROS in metabolic diseases, chronic exercising can restore this abnormality. The different metabolic effects are likely due to variability of reactive species and discrepancies in temporal (acute vs. chronic) and local (subcellular distribution) patterns of production.

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Relationship between diet/exercise and pharmacotherapy to enhance the GLP‐1 levels in type 2 diabetes

Fujiwara

Eguchi

Murayama

et al. 2019

Endocrino Diabet & Metabol

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The rapid rise in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a huge healthcare burden across the world. Although there are several antihyperglycaemic agents (AHAs) available including addition of new drug classes to the treatment algorithm, more than 50% of patients with T2DM do not achieve glycaemic targets, suggesting an urgent need for treatment strategies focusing on prevention and progression of T2DM and its long‐term complications. Lifestyle changes including implementation of healthy diet and physical activity are cornerstones for the management of T2DM. The positive effects of diet and exercise on incretin hormones such as glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) have been reported. We hypothesize an IDEP concept (Interaction between Diet/Exercise and Pharmacotherapy) aimed at modifying the diet and lifestyle, along with pharmacotherapy to enhance the GLP‐1 levels, would result in good glycaemic control in patients with T2DM. Consuming protein‐rich food, avoiding saturated fatty acids and making small changes in eating habits such as eating slowly with longer mastication time can have a positive impact on the GLP‐1 secretion and insulin levels. Further the type of physical activity (aerobic/resistance training), intensity of exercise, duration, time and frequency of exercise have shown to improve GLP‐1 levels. Apart from AHAs, a few antihypertensive drugs and lipid‐lowering drugs have also shown to increase endogenous GLP‐1 levels, however, due to quick degradation of GLP‐1 by dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) enzyme, treatment with DPP‐4 inhibitors would protect GLP‐1 from degradation and prolong its activity. Thus, IDEP concept can be a promising treatment strategy, which positively influences the GLP‐1 levels and provide additive benefits in terms of improving metabolic parameters in patients with T2DM and slowing the progression of T2DM and its associated complications.

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The effects of 2 weeks of interval vs continuous walking training on glycaemic control and whole-body oxidative stress in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a controlled, randomised, crossover trial

Cited by 44 publications

References 43 publications

Resting Metabolic Rate Does Not Change in Response to Different Types of Training in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes

Resting Metabolic Rate Does Not Change in Response to Different Types of Training in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes

The Janus Head of Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Diseases and During Physical Exercise

Relationship between diet/exercise and pharmacotherapy to enhance the GLP‐1 levels in type 2 diabetes

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