“…First, the incentives to adopt better governance practices are likely to be greater for private firms since they had generally poor performance and weak governance structures prior to reform and are likely to benefit more from adopting better governance practices (e.g., Chen et al, 2009). Consistent with this view, several studies have reported a much stronger and positive impact of Chinese corporate governance reforms on private-controlled firms (e.g., Beltratti and Bortolotti, 2006;Conyon and He, 2011;Li et al, 2011;Qian and Zhao, 2011;Tang et al, 2013). For example, Berkman et al (2010) show that the positive market reaction to three new regulations introduced by the CSRC in 2000 to protect minority shareholders against expropriation is stronger for firms with private controlling blockholders and weaker for blockholders with strong connections with government.…”