The effectiveness of growth hormone replacement on energy expenditure and body composition in patients with adult growth hormone deficiency

Momozono, Akari; Hayashi, Akinori; Takano, Koji; Shichiri, Masayoshi

doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0644

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…This condition is consequentially associated with a reduction in lean body mass and muscle mass, even taking into consideration similar BMI to controls [ 40 ]. An altered distribution of fat mass, characterized by an augmented visceral adiposity and a decreased lean body mass, is also registered in both healthy individuals and CCS with GHD, determining at the end the presence of DM [ 41 ]. Generally, as shown by several studies, radiotherapy, both abdominal and total, is the most common independent risk factor of DM in large cohorts of CCS.…”

Section: Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Risk in Childhood Cancer Survivors

2022

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Cancer is a prominent cause of death worldwide in the pediatric population. Since childhood cancer is not possible to prevent, it is essential to focus on a prompt and correct diagnosis followed by effective, evidence-based therapy with individualized supportive care. Given the enhancement of childhood cancer management over the past decades, survival rate has significantly improved, thus leading to the progression of several late effects, including metabolic derangements. These metabolic imbalances are associated with the underlying disease and the cancer treatments. As a result, the metabolic state may contribute to a high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and premature mortality among childhood cancer survivors. This review aims to summarize the potential pathophysiological mechanisms linked to the risk of diabetes and metabolic syndrome and screening recommendations. Further investigations are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of such metabolic abnormalities and to improve long-term cardiometabolic survival among these patients.

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Section: Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Risk in Childhood Cancer Survivors

2022

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Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Regulation of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Dichtel

Córdoba-Chacón

Kineman

2022

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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Patients with obesity have a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), representing a spectrum of simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), without and with fibrosis. Understanding the etiology of NAFLD is clinically relevant since NAFLD is an independent risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In addition, NASH predisposes patients to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and NASH-cirrhosis represents the fastest growing indication for liver transplantation in the United States. It is appreciated that multiple factors are involved in the development and progression of NAFLD. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) regulate metabolic, immune, and hepatic stellate cell function, and alterations in the production and function of GH is associated with obesity and NAFLD/NASH. Therefore, this review will focus on the potential role of GH and IGF1 in the regulation of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis.

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Understanding the role of growth hormone in situations of metabolic stress

Tavares

Frazão

Donato

2023

Journal of Endocrinology

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Growth hormone (GH) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and plays a key role in controlling tissue and body growth. While basal GH secretion is considerably reduced along adulthood and aging, several situations of metabolic stress can lead to robust increases in circulating GH levels. The objective of the present review is to summarize and discuss the importance of GH regulating different physiological functions in situations of metabolic stress, including prolonged food restriction, hypoglycemia, exercise, pregnancy, and obesity. The presented data indicate that GH increases hunger perception/food intake, fat mobilization, blood glucose levels and insulin resistance, as well as produces changes in energy expenditure and neuroendocrine responses during metabolic challenges. When all these effects are considered in the context of situations of metabolic stress, they contribute to restore homeostasis by 1) helping the organism to use appropriate energy substrates; 2) preventing hypoglycemia or increasing the availability of glucose; 3) stimulating feeding to provide nutrients in response to energy-demanding activities or to accelerate the recovery of energy stores; and 4) affecting the activity of neuronal populations involved in the control of metabolism and stress response. Thus, the central and peripheral effects of GH coordinate multiple adaptations during situations of metabolic stress that ultimately help the organism restore homeostasis, increasing the chances of survival.

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The effectiveness of growth hormone replacement on energy expenditure and body composition in patients with adult growth hormone deficiency

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Cardiovascular Risk in Childhood Cancer Survivors

Cardiovascular Risk in Childhood Cancer Survivors

Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Regulation of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Understanding the role of growth hormone in situations of metabolic stress

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