Understanding the role of growth hormone in situations of metabolic stress

Tavares, Mariana; Frazão, Renata; Donato, José

doi:10.1530/joe-22-0159

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Moreover, GH could enable leptin to act on metabolism. The influence of GH on metabolism was reported to occur in a manner that depends on leptin, among other hormones, and conditions that affect glucose homeostasis, including insulin sensitivity, appetite, energy expenditure, and neuroendocrine adaptation in response to different forms of metabolic stress, such as glucose deprivation, food restriction, and physical exercise [37,38]. Additionally, our results confirm that food deprivation increases the circulating concentration of GH in sheep.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Influence of Leptin on the Secretion of Growth Hormone in Ewes under Different Photoperiodic Conditions

Wójcik

Krawczyńska

Zieba

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Leptin is an adipokine with a pleiotropic impact on many physiological processes, including hypothalamic-pituitary-somatotropic (HPS) axis activity, which plays a key role in regulating mammalian metabolism. Leptin insensitivity/resistance is a pathological condition in humans, but in seasonal animals, it is a physiological adaptation. Therefore, these animals represent a promising model for studying this phenomenon. This study aimed to determine the influence of leptin on the activity of the HPS axis. Two in vivo experiments performed during short- and long-day photoperiods were conducted on 12 ewes per experiment, and the ewes were divided randomly into 2 groups. The arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, anterior pituitary (AP) tissues, and blood were collected. The concentration of growth hormone (GH) was measured in the blood, and the relative expression of GHRH, SST, GHRHR, SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR5, LEPR, and GH was measured in the collected brain structures. The study showed that the photoperiod, and therefore leptin sensitivity, plays an important role in regulating HPS axis activity in the seasonal ewe. However, leptin influences the release of GH in a season-dependent manner, and its effect seems to be targeted at the posttranscriptional stages of GH secretion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Influence of Leptin on the Secretion of Growth Hormone in Ewes under Different Photoperiodic Conditions

Wójcik

Krawczyńska

Zieba

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…84 Among the metabolic actions of GH, one can highlight that this hormone increases fat mobilization, spares the use of glucose, prevents hypoglycemia, and stimulates feeding. 84 Thus, the shift from the inhibition of GH secretion in acute fasting to the increase of its constitutive secretion during prolonged food deprivation is likely necessary to increase the chances of survival during such severe metabolic stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the food restriction protocol, AgRP ∆GHR mice tended to lose more weight after two days of food restriction, but the overall results indicate a non‐significant effect compared to control mice. It is also important to note that independently of the role of GHR signaling in ARH AgRP/NPY neurons regulating metabolism, the increased basal GH secretion in starved mice probably helps the organism to survive prolonged food deprivation 84 . Among the metabolic actions of GH, one can highlight that this hormone increases fat mobilization, spares the use of glucose, prevents hypoglycemia, and stimulates feeding 84 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also important to note that independently of the role of GHR signaling in ARH AgRP/NPY neurons regulating metabolism, the increased basal GH secretion in starved mice probably helps the organism to survive prolonged food deprivation 84 . Among the metabolic actions of GH, one can highlight that this hormone increases fat mobilization, spares the use of glucose, prevents hypoglycemia, and stimulates feeding 84 . Thus, the shift from the inhibition of GH secretion in acute fasting to the increase of its constitutive secretion during prolonged food deprivation is likely necessary to increase the chances of survival during such severe metabolic stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fasting and prolonged food restriction differentially affect GH secretion independently of GH receptor signaling in AgRP neurons

Sousa

Gusmao

Santos

et al. 2023

J Neuroendocrinology

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Growth hormone (GH) receptor (GHR) is abundantly expressed in neurons that co‐release the agouti‐related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH). Since ARHAgRP/NPY neurons regulate several hypothalamic–pituitary‐endocrine axes, this neuronal population possibly modulates GH secretion via a negative feedback loop, particularly during food restriction, when ARHAgRP/NPY neurons are highly active. The present study aims to determine the importance of GHR signaling in ARHAgRP/NPY neurons on the pattern of GH secretion in fed and food‐deprived male mice. Additionally, we compared the effect of two distinct situations of food deprivation: 16 h of fasting or four days of food restriction (40% of usual food intake). Overnight fasting strongly suppressed both basal and pulsatile GH secretion. Animals lacking GHR in ARHAgRP/NPY neurons (AgRP∆GHR mice) did not exhibit differences in GH secretion either in the fed or fasted state, compared to control mice. In contrast, four days of food restriction increased GH pulse frequency, basal GH secretion, and pulse irregularity/complexity (measured by sample entropy), whereas pulsatile GH secretion was not affected in both control and AgRP∆GHR mice. Hypothalamic Ghrh mRNA levels were unaffected by fasting or food restriction, but Sst expression increased in acutely fasted mice, but decreased after prolonged food restriction in both control and AgRP∆GHR mice. Our findings indicate that short‐term fasting and prolonged food restriction differentially affect the pattern of GH secretion, independently of GHR signaling in ARHAgRP/NPY neurons.

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“…GH is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, producing central and peripheral effects that modulate the activity of neuronal populations involved in the control of metabolism and stress response, helping the organism restore homeostasis [22]. It has been suggested that alterations in GH values are involved in the development of some of the FMS symptoms [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can an Aerobic Exercise Programme Improve the Response of the Growth Hormone in Fibromyalgia Patients? A Randomised Controlled Trial

Estrada-Marcén

Seral

Montero-Marín

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Downgrade alterations in the growth hormone (GH) might be involved in the development of some of the fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) symptoms. Our aim was to assess the effects of an aerobic exercise programme on the GH levels in patients with FMS. A randomised controlled trial was developed. Sixty-four Spanish women with FMS were randomly assigned to the experimental arm (n = 33) and treated with a 16-week group physical exercise programme based on low impact aerobic dance (three weekly sessions, one-hour each), or to the treatment-as-usual (TAU) control arm (n = 31). The primary outcome was the GH response to acute exercise. Secondary outcomes were GH basal, sensitivity to pain, body composition, aerobic capacity, and quality of life. The ANCOVA results showed a moderate effect of treatment improving the GH response to acute exercise. Other effects were substantial for aerobic capacity, quality of life, and body composition. Pre-intervention GH response to acute exercise was related to improvements in aerobic capacity and quality of life. An aerobic exercise programme may improve the response of the GH, aerobic capacity, body composition, and quality of life in women with FMS. The normalization of neuro-hormonal patterns involving the GH might be key for improving some FMS symptoms.

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Understanding the role of growth hormone in situations of metabolic stress

Cited by 7 publications

References 82 publications

Influence of Leptin on the Secretion of Growth Hormone in Ewes under Different Photoperiodic Conditions

Influence of Leptin on the Secretion of Growth Hormone in Ewes under Different Photoperiodic Conditions

Fasting and prolonged food restriction differentially affect GH secretion independently of GH receptor signaling in AgRP neurons

Can an Aerobic Exercise Programme Improve the Response of the Growth Hormone in Fibromyalgia Patients? A Randomised Controlled Trial

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