The Effectiveness of Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth Root Extract Against Temephos-resistant Aedes aegypti Larvae

Abstract

Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth is a wild plant or weed in agricultural fields that was traditionally used for poisoning fish and plant pests. Several studies showed the low lethal concentration of Derris elliptica root extract to control the laboratory strain Aedes aegypti larvae. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Derris elliptica root extract against the temephos-resistant Aedes aegypti larvae from the Dengue endemic areas. This experimental study used post-test only control group design with five different concentrations of methanolic Derris elliptica root extract, namely 0.09%, 0.13%, 0.17%, 0.21%, and 0.25%, respectively. Twenty-five of F1 temephos-resistant of wild-caught Aedes aegypti larvae were subjected to each group of the five different concentrations, and two control groups with aquadest. The temephos-resistant strain of Aedes aegypti larvae was determined by bioassay test with temephos -0.02 ppm compound. Mortality rate and lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90) of the larvae were calculated after 24-h contact. Average of mortality rate in each concentration after 24-h contact with Derris elliptica root extract were 32.8%, 49.6%, 72.0%, 95.2%, and 100% with LC50 and LC90 were 1,600 and 2,040 ppm, respectively. The methanolic Derris elliptica root extract have larvacidal potential to control the temephos-resistant Aedes aegypti larvae. Further research to obtain secondary metabolites is needed.

Larvicidal Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Derris elliptica Root against the Third-instar Larvae of Cypermethrin-Resistant Aedes aegypti Offspring

“…This extract also had a higher larvicidal potential against F2 offspring larvae of Cypermethrin-resistant Ae. aegypti rather than the temephos-resistant offspring ( 18 ). The larvicidal activity of this extract was also better than the methanolic extract of M. glaziovii peel ( 22 ), A. pinata ( 23 ), T. patula ( 24 ), H. forskaolii ( 25 ), O. campechianum and O. quixos ( 26 ), and A. occidentale ( 27 ) against the third-instar larvae of Ae.…”

“…Initial studies showed that ethyl acetate, methanol, and n-hexane extracts of D. elliptica that have different polarity effectively killed Ae. aegypti larvae which were susceptible to temephos 0.02ppm ( 17 ), but on the other hand, the ethanol extract type has a lower effect against the temephos-resistant strains ( 18 ). The lethal effects of different specific phytochemicals contained in D. elliptica root extracts against the offspring larvae of the cypermethrin-resistant strain Ae.…”

STUDI ETNOBOTANI JENIS-JENIS TUMBUHAN BERACUN PADA SUKU DAWAN KECAMATAN FATULEU TENGAH, KABUPATEN KUPANG (Ethnobotany study of poisonous plants in Dawan Tribe Fatuleu Tengah Subdistrict, Kupang District)

“…Tanaman tuba telah dikenal luas pemanfaatannya sebagai racun untuk menangkap ikan, pestisida alami, dan pembunuh serangga vektor penyakit (Asmaliyah et al, 2010;Kinansi et al, 2018;Sumarmin, 2016). Senyawa kimia beracun yang ditemukan pada ekstrak akar tuba, terutama berasal dari golongan flavonoida seperti rotenone, toxicarol, elliptone, sumatrol, tephrosin, dan deguelin (Sayono, 2019). Senyawa aktif rotenone diketahui manfaatnya sebagai bioinsektisida, dan memiliki efektivitas lebih baik dibanding senyawa aktif lain dalam ekstrak akar tuba (Zubairi et al, 2014).…”

Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Effects of Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth. : A Review

“…Benth. root extract have larvacidal potential to control the temephos-resistant Aedes aegypti larvae (Sayono & Sumanto, 2019).…”