The emergence of insecticide resistant Aedes aegypti mosquitoes has hampered dengue control efforts. WHO susceptibility tests, using several pyrethroid compounds, were conducted on Ae. aegypti larvae that were collected and raised to adulthood from Semarang, Surakarta, Kudus and Jepara in Java. The AaNaV gene fragment encompassing kdr polymorphic sites from both susceptible and resistant mosquitoes was amplified, and polymorphisms were associated with the resistant phenotype. The insecticide susceptibility tests demonstrated Ae, aegypti resistance to the pyrethroids, with mortality rates ranging from 1.6%–15.2%. Three non-synonymous polymorphisms (S989P, V1016G and F1534C) and one synonymous polymorphism (codon 982) were detected in the AaNaV gene. Eight AaNaV alleles were observed in specimens from Central Java. Allele 3 (SGF) and allele 7 (PGF) represent the most common alleles found and demonstrated strong associations with resistance to pyrethroids (OR = 2.75, CI: 0.97–7.8 and OR = 7.37, CI: 2.4–22.5, respectively). This is the first report of 8 Ae. aegypti AaNaV alleles, and it indicates the development of resistance in Ae. aegypti in response to pyrethroid insecticide-based selective pressure. These findings strongly suggest the need for an appropriate integrated use of insecticides in the region. The 989P, 1016G and 1534C polymorphisms in the AaNaV gene are potentially valuable molecular markers for pyrethroid insecticide resistance monitoring.

Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth is a wild plant or weed in agricultural fields that was traditionally used for poisoning fish and plant pests. Several studies showed the low lethal concentration of Derris elliptica root extract to control the laboratory strain Aedes aegypti larvae. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Derris elliptica root extract against the temephos-resistant Aedes aegypti larvae from the Dengue endemic areas. This experimental study used post-test only control group design with five different concentrations of methanolic Derris elliptica root extract, namely 0.09%, 0.13%, 0.17%, 0.21%, and 0.25%, respectively. Twenty-five of F1 temephos-resistant of wild-caught Aedes aegypti larvae were subjected to each group of the five different concentrations, and two control groups with aquadest. The temephos-resistant strain of Aedes aegypti larvae was determined by bioassay test with temephos -0.02 ppm compound. Mortality rate and lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90) of the larvae were calculated after 24-h contact. Average of mortality rate in each concentration after 24-h contact with Derris elliptica root extract were 32.8%, 49.6%, 72.0%, 95.2%, and 100% with LC50 and LC90 were 1,600 and 2,040 ppm, respectively. The methanolic Derris elliptica root extract have larvacidal potential to control the temephos-resistant Aedes aegypti larvae. Further research to obtain secondary metabolites is needed.

Latar belakang: Nyamuk merupakan organisme merugikan bagi kehidupan manusia karena dapat menyebarkan penyakit malaria, demam berdarah, cikungunya dan filariasis. Kabupaten Purworejo menjadi daerah endemis terutama Kecamatan Kaligesing tergolong daerah rawan malaria karena daerah ini paling nyaman sebagai perkembangan vektor malaria. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui keragaman spesies nyamuk dan menghitung kepadatan vektor Anopheles sp. Metode: Disain cross-sectional diskriptif dipilih dengan sampel nyamuk Anopheles sp yang ada  di dalam dan di luar rumah serta kandang ternak kambing yang terdapat di sekitar rumah penderita malaria dan rumah penduduk radius 100 meter. Penangkapan nyamuk menggunakan Umpan Badan Orang dan Umpan Hewan. Hasil: Diperoleh tiga spesies nyamuk yang tertangkap yaitu An. maculatus, An. subpictus,dan An. Aconitus. Kepadatan nyamuk Anopheles sp lebih banyak tertangkap menggunakan metode umpan ternak (UT) sebanyak 8 ekor dan umpan badan orang luar rumah (UOL) sebanyak 6 ekor. Kesimpulan: Populasi Anopheles di Jatirejo lebih banyak bersifat zoofilik karena lebih banyak ditemukan pada kandang ternak dibandingkan dalam rumah hunian manusia.