The effectiveness and influence of Vocal and Instrumental Improvisation in Music Therapy on children diagnosed with autism. Pilot Study.

Abstract

Autism is a developmental disorder which is difficult to recognize and diagnose. The present study examines the effectiveness of music therapy intervention based on improvisational techniques with the elements of Creative Music Therapy by Paul Nordoff and Clive Robbins and improvisational techniques by Tony Wigram (such as imitating, frameworking, dialogues, holding) on developmentl of children with Autism (two boys diagnosed with autism - case 1. and case 2), especially in verbal and nonverbal communication, disturbance behavior patterns, cognitive and social-emotional areas. The results indicate a positive outcome in two music therapy observing tools: Scale I Child – Therapist Relationship in Coactive Musical Experience Rating Form and Scale II Musical Communicativeness Rating Form. The tables indicate the intensity of interaction between the therapist and the subject during the music therapy process (including communication skills, cognitive skills and behavior patterns). The results of case 1 are indicated in Scale I and Scale II and show a significant effect of improvisational music therapy. The important findings from the analysis of behavior in the sessions were Stability and confidence in interpersonal musical relationship, Activity relationship developing, (scale 1.). The results of the case 2. show small changes in musical behavior when it comes to Stability and confidence in interpersonal musical relationship, but in Activity relationship developing the indicators show a lot of changes between sessions. The results of the research indicate that music therapy intervention has a positive outcome and may be an effective method to increase functioning of children with autism.

Angioedema Causado Por Medicamentos Inibidores Da Enzima Conversora De Angiotensina

“…Thus, they clarify that only the application of tests several times with the same individual, by capturing the variance, can allow the individual to be estimated. Several studies have shown that the "Child-Therapist Relationship in Coactive Musical Experience Scale" and the "Musical Communicativeness Scale" have been used more frequently over the years to assess individuals with different diagnoses (Andre, Gomes & Loureiro, 2018 ;Bergmann et al, 2015;Bunt, 2003;Caltabiano, 2010;Carpente & Aigen, 2019;Cripps et al, 2016;Freire, 2014;Mackinlay & Forrest, 2011;Mahoney, 2010;Nordoff & Robbins, 2007;Robarts , 2000;Sampaio, 2015;Spiro et al, 2017;Szweda, 2015;Wood, 2006). This fact demonstrates that these scales have been well…”

“…These scales were developed by Nordoff and Robbins (2007) in research initiated in partnership with the University of Pennsylvania. Currently, these scales have been used in several countries to assess people with different diagnoses such as: autism, childhood schizophrenia, severe emotional disorder, brain injury, mental impairment, Tuberous Sclerosis, visual impairment, severe physical impairment, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, learning disability with aphasia complications, anorexia nervosa and healthy people (Andre, Gomes & Loureiro, 2018;Bergmann et al, 2015;Bunt, 2003;Caltabiano, 2010;Carpente & Aigen, 2019;Cripps et al, 2016;Mackinlay & Forrest, 2011;Mahoney, 2010;Nordoff & Robbins, 2007;Robarts, 2000;Spiro et al, 2017;Szweda, 2015;Wood, 2006). By considering Brazilian context, these scales have undergone studies of translation into Portuguese, validation and reliability (André, 2017;André, Gomes & Loureiro 2017, 2020c, 2020a, 2020b and have been used…”

Using music-adapted technology to explore Bruscia’s clinical techniques introduced in autism research: Pilot study

“…In addition, it was required that articles were published in a peer-reviewed journal. Eight articles were chosen, including : Geretsegger, Elefant, Mossler and Gold (2014), Geretsegger, Holck, Carpente, Elefant and Kim, (2015), Bieleninik et al (2017), Knapik-Szweda (2015), Vaiouli, Grimmett, and Ruich, (2015), Ghasemtabar et al (2015), Banks (1982), and Schumacher (2013). Based on the thematic analysis, the current most commonly used clinical improvisation techniques with autistic clients are as follows: imitating, reflecting, synchronising, extending, symbolising, holding, incorporating, and rhythmic grounding.…”

Análise de confiabilidade da Escala de Comunicabilidade Musical

“…Tais autores relatam que esta escala apresentou evidências de validade na avaliação de pessoas com Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento no contexto musicoterapêutico brasileiro segundo o Modelo Universalista de Validação, desenvolvido por Herdman Fox-Rushby e Badia (1998), utilizado na pesquisa. André, Gomes e Loureiro (2016), ao realizar um estudo de revisão da Escala de Comunicabilidade Musical perceberam naquele período que as publicações referentes à utilização desta escala estava aumentando no decorrer dos anos, tanto para avaliação de pessoas com diagnóstico de Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), relatado pelos autores Bergmann (2015), Bell et al (2014), Bergmann et al (2015, Caltabiano (2010), Mackinlay e Forrest (2011), Mahoney (2010), Szweda (2015), e Wigram e Gold, (2006), quanto para avaliação de pessoas com Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento, conforme relatado pelos autores Aigen (1995) e Mahoney (2010), pessoas saudáveis, conforme apresentado pelos autores Australia (2008), Bunt (2003), Rahman (2008) e Wood (2006) e pessoas com diagnóstico de anorexia nervosa, apresentado no estudo de Robarts (2000).…”