The Effect of UV-C Pasteurization on Bacteriostatic Properties and Immunological Proteins of Donor Human Milk

Abstract

BackgroundHuman milk possesses bacteriostatic properties, largely due to the presence of immunological proteins. Heat treatments such as Holder pasteurization reduce the concentration of immunological proteins in human milk and consequently increase the bacterial growth rate. This study investigated the bacterial growth rate and the immunological protein concentration of ultraviolet (UV-C) irradiated, Holder pasteurized and untreated human milk.MethodsSamples (n=10) of untreated, Holder pasteurized and UV-C irradiated human milk were inoculated with E. coli and S. aureus and the growth rate over 2 hours incubation time at 37°C was observed. Additionally, the concentration of sIgA, lactoferrin and lysozyme of untreated and treated human milk was analyzed.ResultsThe bacterial growth rate of untreated and UV-C irradiated human milk was not significantly different. The bacterial growth rate of Holder pasteurized human milk was double compared to untreated human milk (p<0.001). The retention of sIgA, lactoferrin and lysozyme after UV-C irradiation was 89%, 87%, and 75% respectively, which were higher than Holder treated with 49%, 9%, and 41% respectively.ConclusionUV-C irradiation of human milk preserves significantly higher levels of immunological proteins than Holder pasteurization, resulting in bacteriostatic properties similar to those of untreated human milk.

Ultraviolet irradiation of spray-dried porcine plasma does not affect the growth performance of nursery pigs when compared with nonirradiated bovine plasma1

“…The results of the current experiment demonstrate that UV-SDPP was effective in sustaining ADFI and ADG of nursery pigs in the first week after weaning in a magnitude comparable to the literature and suggests that commercial UV irradiation of porcine plasma is not detrimental to the functional proteins contained in this high-protein ingredient similar to other proteins (Choudhary and Bandla, 2012;Christen et al, 2013). Also, the fact that growth of pigs fed UV-SDPP was similar to that of pigs fed SDBP suggests that there are no detrimental effects of feeding pigs diets or feed ingredients that were UV irradiated and that UV irradiation is a process useful to decrease pathogens in spraydried plasma.…”

Augmentation of protein-derived acetic acid production by heat-alkaline-induced changes in protein structure and conformation

“…5c, the maximum peak fluorescence intensity of the HA-treated sample was substantially lower than that of R-BSA (2.6 Â 10 6 vs. 4.7 Â 10 6 a.u. ), whereas the maximum excitation and emission wavelengths demonstrated a simultaneous shift (excitation: 270 nm/262 nm; emission: 350 nm/357 nm), revealing that the decrease of fluorescence intensity caused by the heatalkaline pretreatment was mediated by the quenching of aromatic residue fluorescence (Christen et al, 2013). Protein secondary structure is stabilized by the formation of disulfide bonds.…”

Gut microbiota, the immune system, and diet influence the neonatal gut–brain axis

“…To assure its availability, neonatal intensive care unit caregivers often freeze a mother's milk before use; however, freezing reduces the immunologic protective components in human milk. Compared with pasteurization of human milk, freezing maintains more immune properties in human milk than does heat treatment (88,89). In other words, fresh colostrum and milk contains lactoferrin, lysozyme, other antimicrobial proteins and immunomodulatory agents that prevent NEC (89,90).…”

“…Compared with pasteurization of human milk, freezing maintains more immune properties in human milk than does heat treatment (88,89). In other words, fresh colostrum and milk contains lactoferrin, lysozyme, other antimicrobial proteins and immunomodulatory agents that prevent NEC (89,90). A human milk oligosaccharide , disialyllacto-Ntetraose, prevents NEC in a neonatal rat model (91).…”

“…In the absence of a mother's own milk, neonatal caregivers propose using donor human milk as the nutrient of choice instead of infant formula. When human donor milk undergoes holder pasteurization before use, the thermal processing significantly reduces the immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties of proteins in the milk (89). Hence, pasteurization and freeze thawing make donor human milk a suboptimal antimicrobial and immunomodulatory nutrient.…”