Gut microbiota, the immune system, and diet influence the neonatal gut–brain axis

Microbiome Disturbances and Autism Spectrum Disorders

“…The bacterial-derived SCFAs may serve as a fuel source for enterocytes lining the intestinal system; however, these chemicals can also alter the intercellular spaces between the cells, resulting in a leaky gut that allows for more metabolites and bacteria to pass through the epithelial barrier, which as discussed subsequently can lead to detrimental neurologic effects. Furthermore, disturbances in the gut and other microbiomes (dysbiosis) can affect host immunity and neurobehavioral responses (Cryan and Dinan, 2012;Douglas-Escobar et al, 2013;Ding and Schloss, 2014;Galland, 2014;Stilling et al, 2014;Sherman et al, 2015). In this review, we will primarily focus on how alterations in microbiomes, especially in the gut, and their products affect the risk for ASD and related neurobehavioral disorders.…”

Early-life enteric infections: relation between chronic systemic inflammation and poor cognition in children

“…Metagenomics of the early intestinal microbiota in light of environment exposures and host genetics is key for deciphering novel determinants of environmental enteropathy, especially when coupled with the study of innate immune-related genes. 81 Microbial ecology and brain development in the first 2 years of life Timeline of intestinal colonization from 0 to 24 months. The construction of the intestinal microbiota starts after birth 82 and continues to be actively remodeled over the first 3 years of life, reaching a maturation status similar to that of an adult.…”

Microbiome Revolution and Neonatology

“…Збільшується кількість доказів того, що існує асоціація між особливостями кишкової мікробіоти і психологічним благополуччям, а також поведін-кою людини, включаючи зміни настрою і реакції на стрес, що реалізується через, так звану, «киш-ково-мозкову вісь» [3]. Функціонування цієї осі може мати особливе нейропротективне значення вже навіть для передчасно народжених немовлят [4].…”