The effect of two-step solution heat treatment on the impact properties of Hadfield austenitic manganese steel

Bandanadjaja, Beny; Hidayat, Ery

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1450/1/012125

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…the precipitation of carbides at the grain boundaries promotes the propagation of fissures and micro cracks [1,8]. in this case, the steel becomes brittle with low hardness and toughness [3,7,23]. Fig.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Zellagui

Hemmouche

Ait-Sadi

et al. 2021

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High manganese steel, also called Hadfield steel, is an alloy essentially made up of iron, carbon, and manganese. this type of steel occupies an important place in the industry. it possesses high impact toughness and high resistance against abrasive wear and hardens considerably during work hardening. the problem with this kind of steel is the generation of carbides at the grain boundaries after the casting. However, heat treatment at the high-temperature range between 950°c and 1150°c followed by rapid quenching in water is proposed as a solution to remove carbides and obtain a fully austenitic structure. under the work hardening effects, the hardness of Hadfield steel increases greatly due to the transformation of the austenite γ to martensite ε or α and mechanical twinning, which acts as an obstacle for sliding dislocations. Hot machining is the only solution to machine Hadfield steel adequately without damage of tools or changing the mechanical characteristics of the steel. the choice of welding parameters is important to prevent the formation of carbides and obtain welded steel with great characteristics. this paper aims to give an overview about Hadfield steel, element addition effect, microstructure, heat treatments, work hardening, machinability and welding processes.

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Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hadfield steel (1-1.4% c and 11-14% mn), invented by Sir Robert Hadfield in 1882, is an exceptional alloy that has special mechanical characteristics [1][2][3]. this steel presents high characteristics such as great toughness, high strain hardening capacity and excellent abrasion wear resistance [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Zellagui

Hemmouche

Ait-Sadi

et al. 2021

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“…After reaching austenitization temperatures the specimens were directly quenched in choppy water. Two cycles processes [19,20,21] was performed in solution treatment, the initial temperature is 600 °C and then increased until 1020-1100 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of heat rate and austenitization temperature on microstructure and hardness of Hadfield steel

Wahyudi

Pratiwi

Supriyanto³

et al. 2023

Sinergi

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The As-Cast condition of Hadfield alloy usually contains (Fe, Mn)3C carbides around the austenitic grains, which promote brittleness, making the steel impractical in industry. Heat treatment is normally applied to reduce carbide content, lower carbides, and improve toughness. However, a complete austenitic structure is not attainable during solution treatment. The dissolution temperature and dissolution time are critical to obtaining complete carbide content. Furthermore, heating must be done slowly, and the quenching speed must be fast enough. This study examines the effect of heat rate and austenitization temperatures in the solution treatment on the microstructure and hardness of Hadfield steel. The heat rate of 3, 6 and 10 oC/min is selected to determine whether there is a change in the microstructure of Hadfield steel. The four austenitization temperatures of 1000, 1100, 1150 and 1200 oC are used to ascertain carbide dissolution into the austenite matrix. Grain boundary, hardness, and phase transformation will confirm the microstructural change and hardness properties. The optical microscope shows carbide content is reduced as the austenitization temperature increases. The consequence of carbide dissolution affects the hardness. Its hardness decreases as temperature increase due to the loss of carbide. The as-Cast specimen has the highest hardness of 227.8 HV30, and the lowest hardness is 176.7 HV30 belongs to a specimen that is heated up to 1200 °C and quenched into water. Grain size is measured by the line intercept method, which shows its increase as temperatures increase. The result of grain measurement is as follows: As-Cast 224.6 mm, T 1000 °C 323.3 mm, T1100 °C 409.2 mm, T1150 °C 1014.4 mm, T1200 °C 881.6 mm. SEM-EDS confirms that the main phase is austenite, and a small amount of carbide is detected in the austenite matrix.

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“…Therefore, it is particularly important to select an appropriate heat treatment process to dissolve the carbides precipitated in situ in the alloyed high manganese steel matrix and to improve the size and distribution of the second phase. Bandanadjaja et al [22] formulated two progressive solid-solution treatment processes for high manganese austenitic steel, each of which has two steps. One process is to heat it to 700 °C for 3 h and then heat it to 1000 °C for 1.5 h. The other involves heating to 600 °C for 10 h, then heating to 980 °C for 2 h, with a final water quench and cooling to room temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of progressive solid-solution treatment on microstructures, mechanical properties and impact abrasive wear behavior of alloyed high manganese steel

Wang

Zhao³

et al. 2022

Mater. Res. Express

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Alloyed high manganese steel is a general type of wear-resistant steel, and its precipitates and austenite matrix grain sizes play an important role in impact abrasive wear behavior. Solid-solution treatment is an effective method to balance the size of the austenite grains and precipitates. This work attempts to find a new progressive solid-solution treatment to make alloyed high manganese steel castings refine the microstructure and balance the wear resistance under impact abrasive wear conditions. Compared with traditional solid-solution treatment, the MC- and M23C6-type carbide precipitates resulting from progressive solid-solution treatment decrease, and the tensile strength and impact toughness of steel are significantly increased. After the solid-solution treatment at different heating rates, the grain refinement effect is remarkable after shortening the holding time at 1100 ℃ and increasing the heating rate to 150 ℃/h. The impact abrasive wear test results show that, compared with the traditional solid-solution treatment at 1100 ℃ for 4 h, the wear resistance of high manganese steel has a 23.1% improvement after progressive solution treatment at 1100 ℃ for 2 h, and the wear failure forms of all the experimental steels are microcutting, oxidation wear and plastic deformation.

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The effect of two-step solution heat treatment on the impact properties of Hadfield austenitic manganese steel

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

The influence of heat rate and austenitization temperature on microstructure and hardness of Hadfield steel

Effect of progressive solid-solution treatment on microstructures, mechanical properties and impact abrasive wear behavior of alloyed high manganese steel

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