The effect of transient intestinal ischemia on inflammatory parameters

Lammers, KM; Innocenti, G.; Venturi, A.; Rizzello, Fernando; Helwig, Ulf; Bianchi, Giampaolo; Pedrini, L; Nino, Gianfranco Di; Gionchetti, Paolo; Campieri, Massimo

doi:10.1007/s00384-002-0413-8

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It has previously been well described that production of TNF-α, IL-6, and MIP-2 may originate from intestinal epithelial cells in sepsis, burn, hemorrhage, or other disease processes [32–35]. Washout from the serum into the intestinal lumen is an unlikely explanation for our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Hemorrhagic Shock Induces a Proinflammatory Milieu in the Gut Lumen

Sonnier¹,

Makley²,

Friend³

et al. 2011

Journal of Surgical Research

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Background Intestinal injury is a consequence of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. The intestinal mucosa has been shown to respond to ischemia/reperfusion injury with production of inflammatory mediators. Previous work in our laboratory indicates that intestinal epithelial cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines in the direction of both the lamina propria and intestinal lumen. The ability of the intestinal mucosa to transmit inflammatory signals into the gut lumen after hemorrhagic shock is unknown. We hypothesized that hemorrhagic shock results in secretion of proinflammatory cytokines into the gut lumen. Methods Male C57/Bl6 mice underwent femoral artery cannulation and hemorrhage to a systolic blood pressure of 20 mmHg for 1 h, then resuscitation with lactated Ringer’s (LR) solution. Sham animals were cannulated only. Mice were decannulated and sacrificed at intervals. Stool and succus were removed from intestinal segments, weighed, and placed into buffer solution. Specimens were analyzed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with sham-injured mice, hemorrhagic shock resulted in increased intestinal luminal cytokines. At 3 h after injury, elevated levels of IL-6 were found in the cecal stool. At 6 h after injury, TNFα, IL-6, and MIP-2 were significantly elevated in the cecal stool, and IL-6 and MIP-2 were significantly elevated in the distal colonic stool. Conclusions Hemorrhagic shock results in secretion of proinflammatory cytokines into the intestinal lumen. These findings suggest that the intestinal mucosa may transmit and receive signals in a paracrine fashion via the gut lumen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Hemorrhagic Shock Induces a Proinflammatory Milieu in the Gut Lumen

Sonnier¹,

Makley²,

Friend³

et al. 2011

Journal of Surgical Research

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“…1997; Lammers et al. 2003). Studies on the timing of the baseline blood sample are required to clarify the possible effects of presurgical procedures on the day of surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchial microdialysis monitoring of inflammatory response in open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair; an observational study

et al. 2017

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Aortic surgery results in ischemia–reperfusion injury that induces an inflammatory response and frequent complications. The magnitude of the inflammatory response in blood and bronchi may be associated with the risk of immediate complications. The purpose of the study was to evaluate bronchial microdialysis as a continuous monitoring of cytokines in bronchial epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and to determine whether bronchial ELF cytokine levels reflect the ischemia–reperfusion injury and risk for complications during open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. We measured cytokines in venous blood using microdialysis and in serum for comparison. Sixteen patients scheduled for elective open AAA repair were included in a prospective observational study. Microdialysis catheters were introduced into a bronchi and a cubital vein. Eighteen cytokines were measured using a Bio‐Plex Magnetic Human Cytokine Panel. Samples were collected before and during cross‐clamping of the aorta as well as from 0 to 60 min and from 60 to 120 min of reperfusion. The ELF levels of several cytokines changed significantly during reperfusion. In particular, IL‐6 increased more than 10‐fold and IL‐13 more than 5‐fold during ischemia and reperfusion. Also, the venous levels of several inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines increased and exhibited their highest concentration during reperfusion. Both bronchial and venous cytokine levels correlated with duration of the procedure, intensive care days, and preoperative kidney disease. Three patients suffered organ failure as a direct consequence of the procedure, and in these patients the bronchial ELF concentrations of 17 of 18 cytokines differed significantly from patients without such complications. Bronchial microdialysis is suited for continuous monitoring of inflammation during open AAA repair. The bronchial ELF cytokine levels may be useful in predicting immediate complications such as organ failure in patients undergoing vascular surgery.

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“…The major reason for these problems is the difficulty in prompt recognizing of the condition before bowel necrosis. Researches have proposed different serum or peritoneal markers ( 6 - 9 ) and various types of imaging ( 10 , 11 ) for the diagnosis of AMI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peritoneal Potassium and pH Measurement in Early Diagnosis of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia in Rats

2014

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Background:In contemporary practice, acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) remains a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in abdominal emergencies.Objectives:We report the measurement of peritoneal fluid potassium and pH on a small series of rats that developed extensive AMI following the surgical ligation of superior mesenteric vessels and compare the results with control groups.Materials and Methods:A total of 32 rats were used in our study. They were divided into four groups with eight rats in each one and received following treatments: group I (G-I), 60-minute controls; group II (G-II), 120-minute controls; group III (G-III), 60-minute cases; and group IV (G-IV), 120-minute cases. In case groups, the small bowel mesenteric root was double-ligated and an arrow single-lumen central venous catheter was passed through the skin to the peritoneum. In control groups, the catheter was placed without any intervention. Postoperatively, peritoneal lavage was performed at 60 (G-I, G-III) and 120 minutes (G-II, G-IV).Results:The mean peritoneal potassium values were 1.3 ± 0.3, 1.97 ± 1.06, 2.14 ± 0.89, and 3.28 ± 0.66 mmol/L in G-I, G-II, G-III, and G-IV, respectively. There were significant differences between G-III and G-IV (P = 0.002), between G-I and G-III (P = 0.024), and between G-II and G-IV (P = 0.001). The mean values of peritoneal fluid pH were 7.1 ± 0.26, 6.82 ± 0.22, 6.66 ± 0.16, and 6.78 ± 0.04 in G-I, G-II, G-III, and G-IV, respectively, which indicated significant differences between G-I and G-III (P = 0.001) and between G-II and G-IV (P = 0.018). There was a significant correlation between peritoneal fluid potassium and intestine ischemic grade (F = 4.77, P = 0.048)ConclusionsOur findings show that for early detection of bowel ischemia, an evaluation of intraperitoneal potassium and pH was useful and with prolongation of ischemia, potassium changes were more significant.

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The effect of transient intestinal ischemia on inflammatory parameters

Abstract: These observations indicate that even transient ischemia modifies the inflammatory pattern.

Cited by 23 publications

References 39 publications

Hemorrhagic Shock Induces a Proinflammatory Milieu in the Gut Lumen

Hemorrhagic Shock Induces a Proinflammatory Milieu in the Gut Lumen

Bronchial microdialysis monitoring of inflammatory response in open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair; an observational study

Peritoneal Potassium and pH Measurement in Early Diagnosis of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia in Rats

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