The Effect of Tourists' Motivations on Cognitive, Affective, and Unique Image of Bali

Abstract

This research examines the effect of tourists’ motivations on cognitive, affective and unique image of Bali. The model used for this study adopted from Llodra-Riere, et al. (2015). The variable of the study consists of information source, motivation, cognitive image, affective image and unique image. The model in this study used six hypotheses. This research is quantitative and causal type research. This study used non-probability and purposive sampling approach, sample characteristics are the Surabaya tourists who had experience in using information sources from internet platform and other information sources which is non-internet platform that been collected information before visiting Bali and have visited Bali at least once in the past one year. The data is obtained from questionnaire that is distributed to 310 respondents and analyze using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), with SPSS 18 and LISREL 8.8 for measurement and structural model. The result shows that motivation did not influence affective image of Bali. There are five hypotheses are significant. Information sources influence motivation; cognitive image and unique image influence affective image; motivation influences cognitive image and unique image of Bali. The benefit of this research can help tourism industry in Bali to improve their marketing communication by using social media, website platform and online advertisement.

A new proposed model for tourists' destination image formation: the moderate effect of tourists' experiences

“…Tian, 2019;Wang et al, 2016), and (Gartner, 1994) emphasized the importance of the image people associate with destinations based on TIM. On the other hand, Rahardja and Anandya (2020) showed that TIM directly impacts the cognitive image. Likewise, Beerli-Palacio and Mart ın-Santana (2017) showed that affirming escape and intellectual motives immediately and positively affect the cognitive image before and after a visit.…”

“…And they proposed that this theory incorporates the effects of social media as an information source and perceived security and safety in the construction of PDI. Recently, social media platforms have developed as the most recent communication medium in the tourist industry, considerably influencing people's lives (Lin et al ., 2021; Nazir et al ., 2021; Rahardja and Anandya, 2020). Moreover, tourist-generated content based on social media has played an essential role in tourism (Kislali et al ., 2016; Park and Lee, 2022).…”

Pull-Extrinsic and Push-Intrinsic Motivations Effect on Destination Image Formation: The Moderate Effect of Tourists’ Experiences

“…Earlier studies [34] corroborated that the value of the image people associate with destinations is based on TIM. In contrast, Prameswari [8] showed that TIM directly impacts the cognitive image. Beerli [5] showed that escape and intellectual motives positively affects the DI.…”

“…And they proposed that this theory must incorporate the effects of social media and perceived security and safety (PSAS) in the construction of DI. Recently, social media has become the tourism industry's most popular communication medium, significantly impacting people's lives [8]; tourist-generated content based on social media has also been crucial to tourism [9]. Travelers can post photos, videos, and interactive trip content on social media [10].…”

“…The second group [18] theorizes the causal link between TIM and DI; while ignoring destination attractions, TGC, and PSAS in their structure. The third group [8] theorizes the link among TGC and DI. However, their framework disregards TIM, destination attractions, and PSAS.…”