The Effect of Test Words on Phonological Error Patterns in Typically Developing Children

Abstract

The frequency of occurrence of phonological error patterns may vary depending on test words with different phonological environments. This study aims to examine whether the phonological error patterns in typically developing children appear differently depending on the test words by implementing two phonology and articulation assessment tools. Methods: The Assessment of Phonology and Articulation for Children (APAC) and Korean Articulation Phonology Profile (K-APP) were evaluated on 193 children aged 2-9 years, and phonological error patterns were analyzed using the same criteria. The phonological environments of test words were compared for each test tool, and the phonological errors which were produced three or more times by each child were considered as error patterns, of which occurrence frequencies were compared between the assessment tools. Results: The K-APP consists of test words with longer syllables and fewer consonant clusters than the APAC. In the K-APP, the frequency of affricates and fricatives was lower compared to the APAC. In the K-APP, the error patterns of whole words such as syllable deletion/reduction and consonant harmony occurred more frequently than in the APAC, because the number of syllables of the test words in the K-APP were longer compared to the APAC. In the APAC, the error patterns of phonemes such as stopping, affrication, and interdentalization occurred more frequently than with the K-APP, because the APAC had a higher proportion of fricatives and affricates. Conclusion: This study suggested that we should consider the effect of test words on phonological error patterns. The study also examined developmental and non-developmental phonological error patterns of Koreanacquiring children using the two articulation and phonology assessments.

Initial Stop Acquisition in Typically Developing Children Aged 1- to 2-Year-Olds

“…현재 국 내에서 파열음의 발성유형에 따른 산출 특성을 살펴본 연구는 지역 별 방언에 따라 차이를 확인한 것이 대부분이며 (Han, 2014;Kang & Han, 2012), 아동이 산출한 발성유형별 파열음의 말소리 습득을 확인하는 연구는 매우 제한적이다 (Kim, 2007). (Ha & Kim, 2020;Pi & Ha, 2020;Ryu, Kim, & Ha, 2019). 연구 마다 발성유형의 오류패턴을 살펴보는 검사어의 환경, 낱말 내 파 열음의 위치, 언어학적 단위의 차이를 보이기 때문에 다른 양상을 보일 수 있다 (Park & Kim, 2015) Kim, Pae, & Park, 2007), 우리말 조음음운 평가(U-TAP, Urimal Test of Articulation and Phonology; Kim & Shin, 2004) (Ha & Hwang, 2013;Shriberg & Kwiatkowski, 1982;Stoel-Gammon, 1987)…”

Developmental Phonological Error Patterns in Sentence-level Tests for Children aged 3-6 Years Old

“…It is meaningful in that the study established a classification system of Korean developmental error patterns for speech sound disorders, and identified age-appropriate error patterns. (Bernthal, Bankson, & Flipsen, 2017 (Dodd, Holm, Hua, & Crosbie, 2003;Preston, 2008 (Kim, 2006;Hwang & Kim, 2015;Pi & Ha, 2020). Kim (2014) (Kim, 1992;Kim, 2006;Kim & Lee, 2010;Kim, 2014 (Park & Kim, 2014;…”