The effect of teacher strikes on academic achievement: Evidence from Colombia

The Long-Run Effects of Teacher Collective Bargaining

“…We examine duty-to-bargain laws because these laws led to larger increases in unionization and collective bargaining rates than did the other forms of union laws (Frandsen 2016): non-duty-to-bargain union laws do not explicitly require districts to recognize unions and bargain in good faith, thus allowing them to simply refuse to engage in collective bargaining. 6…”

Gone with the pandemic: How did Covid-19 affect the academic performance of Colombian students?

“…Additionally, students with economic restrictions should be guaranteed access to internet at home and to devices such as computers or tablets and specialized software to boost their learning in basic subjects. The availability and use of these tools will also make it possible to be prepared for future school closings due to public health situations, such as pandemics, or other situations that reduce in-person class time, such as teacher strikes, a common event in Colombia ( Abadía et al, 2021 ).…”

Examining the Impact of Private Tutoring as an Extra Burden on the Parents in Punjab Pakistan

“…Parents who invest heavily in private tutoring may experience stress and anxiety as they feel pressured to ensure their child's academic success. They may also feel a sense of guilt if they are unable to afford tuition or if their child's grades do not improve despite the investment (Bandyopadhyay & Das, 2021). The cost of tuition can be significant, and parents may need to sacrifice other expenditures to fund the tuition.…”

“…This can perpetuate social inequality and limit opportunities for upward mobility. Additionally, the demand for the private tutoring can create a thriving industry that operates outside of regulatory frameworks, leading to issues such as the unqualified tutors and unfair business practices (Bandyopadhyay & Das, 2021).…”

“…Despite investment in tuition, there may be a limited improvement in a child's academic performance, which can lead to the frustration and disappointment for parents who may have invested significant resources in tuition with little return (Chen & Wang, 2020). They may also feel a sense of guilt if they are unable to afford tuition or if their child's grades do not improve despite investment (Bandyopadhyay & Das, 2021). Private tutoring has complex & far-reaching impacts that must be carefully considered.…”