The major premise of this research was to get the perception of university teachers about the process of teacher evaluation in one private university in Lahore. Focusing on the actual practices of teacher evaluation process (TEP), this paper attempts to get opinion of university teachers regarding the effectiveness of TEP. This research was quantitative in its nature in which a survey questionnaire was used to collect data. The population of the study included all the faculty members (both male and female) of the private sector university in Lahore. 150 faculty members were selected through simple random sampling from all faculties/departments of the sampled university. The data was analyzed on SPSS 21. Results were drawn from the interpretation of quantitative data. Results indicated that university teachers had very positive perceptions of the teacher evaluation process. The process of the teacher evaluation contributes to teachers teaching performance a lot.
Following radical cystectomy for bladder cancer, 14 male patients had a detubularized colic or ileocolic bladder substitute anastomosed to the membranous urethra and two female patients had urinary diversion to the valved and augmented rectum. There were no early deaths and the complication rate was low. The patients were followed for a mean of 12 months (2-28 months). During this short-term follow-up, no patient suffered deterioration of renal function or symptomatic urinary tract infection. Of the male patients, nine were perfectly continent, four had some incontinence during sleep, and one patient was incontinent day and night. Four had normal erections and three weak erections. Three have received penile implants, but it is too early to assess the need for this in the others. The two female patients were continent. Continent urinary diversion without a stoma appears to be a safe and reliable procedure, and patients should be offered one of these newer alternatives for replacement of the urinary bladder after cystectomy for cancer. During the first half of this century, ureterosigmoidostomy was the preferred method of urinary diversion. In 1950, Ferris and Odel [1] reported that nearly 80% of the patients in a large series exhibited some degree of hyperchloremic acidosis after this procedure. At about the same time, Jacobs and Sterling [2] reported on a followup study initiated by the British Association of Urological Surgeons comprising more than 1600 patients. They found that about half of those who had not succumbed to their bladder cancer were dead of uremia within 5 years of the ureterosigmoidostomy.Many of the problems of this procedure are related to the admixture of urine with the fecal stream and the ascendance of bacteria to the upper urinary tracts. Most urologists became weary of these complications. Thus, when Bricker [3], in 1950, popularized the use of an isolated ileal segment for cutaneous urinary diversion, this technique rapidly gained acceptance and has remained the standard approach to urinary diversion.
Retinoids are used to treat various skin diseases. They add valuable impact of when used early in the treatment of dermatological conditions. Overall vitamin A derivatives are underused, with isotretinoin is the most used. This paper aims to develop prescribers’ knowledge about their benefits, to improve their usability and aids in alleviating patient concerns to improve therapeutic outcomes in dermatological conditions. In acne vulgaris, adapalene gel and tretinoin cream showed equal efficacy. In psoriasis the combination of acitretin and PUVA was superior to PUVA alone. Acitretin showed a reduction of 41% in the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index and similar efficacy to potent steroids and calcipotriol. In chronic hand eczema, alitretinoin showed 50% improvement in patient’s refractory to steroid treatment. In photoaging and aging, retinoids were shown to increase the synthesis and decrease the degradation rate of collagen and hyaluronate, reducing the impact of aging. In rosacea, topical and systemic isotretinoin showed complete remission in 24% of the patients compared to only 14 % with antibiotics (metronidazole and doxycycline). In lichen planus, isotretinoin demonstrated clinical and histopathological efficacy. In cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, bexarotene used alone or with PUVA or narrow band UVB, showed a response between 80.0% to 84.0%. Lastly in Kaposi sarcoma alitretinoin gel showed superiority to all other agents and better tolerance. This review highlights the benefit of timely use of vitamin A derivatives to encourage wider use.
The current research aimed to explore the relationship between university students' class involvement and teachers' instructional techniques. The major goal of this research was to identify the elements of university teachers' instructional techniques that are most important in ensuring that students participate in class to the maximum. Students from the University of Education, Lahore was the study's population. 300 students, chosen at random from the university's several faculties, made up the sample. To gather data, a standardized, structured questionnaire was utilized. The data was analyzed using SPSS 22nd, and multiple linear regression and correlation were used to determine the relationship between the variables. The findings showed that teachers' instructional strategies are critical in enhancing student involvement in class. In order to ensure that students participate in class, it was also discovered that different teachers use different instructional techniques. Teachers implement a variety of strategies to enhance student participation in class. The research indicates that supportive and concerned teachers are more successful than those who focus on content knowledge and challenging situation. Findings also showed that although students participate in class interactions, they make less attempts to start them. The study came to the additional conclusion that because teachers' instructional techniques positively impact students' class involvement, innovative instructional techniques learned by university teachers can optimize students' class involvement, which ultimately leads to excellent academic achievement for students.
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