The Effect of Resistance Training Intensity on Strength Gain Response in the Older Adult

Harris, Chad; DeBeliso, Mark; Gibson, T; Fitzgerald, Kylie

doi:10.1097/00005768-200105001-01935

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…However, Kalapotharakos et al [22] have shown that after 12 weeks of training with loads of 60% of the 1RM and 15 repetitions per set, muscle mass increased in elderly subjects. Furthermore, increments of muscle strength and endurance and functional performance have been found to occur with long-term training with these types of protocols [16,23,36]. These adaptations may partly be attributed to the acute increases of testosterone and hGH concentrations after resistance exercise, as in the present study, which may activate intracellular processes for muscle tissue adaptations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…However, protocols with moderate intensity (≥ 15 RM, 40 -65 % of 1-RM) used for the improvement of strength endurance are also suggested for training elderly subjects in order to improve or retain their ability to perform submaximal work for recreational or daily living activities [1,6]. Resistance training with moderate intensity may cause less [22,23] or similar [16,36] increases in muscle mass, strength and endurance, as a hypertrophy protocol, while the two protocols do not appear to differ in the improvements in functional performance measures, such as stair climbing ability, chair-rising time, and walking velocity [16,22,23,36]. Nevertheless, a moderate intensity protocol might be handled more easily by older subjects and lessen the danger of orthopedic injuries due to the lower weight used [1].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hormonal Responses after a Strength Endurance Resistance Exercise Protocol in Young and Elderly Males

et al. 2007

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This study examined testosterone, cortisol and growth hormone responses in elderly and young men after a strength endurance protocol. Eight elderly (age: 69 +/- 5 yrs) and nine young (age: 23 +/- 1 yrs) males with recreational experience in resistance training performed a strength endurance protocol, which included six exercises. At each exercise, the subjects performed 3 sets of 15 reps at 60 % of 1-RM with a 90 s rest interval between sets. The subjects also participated in a control session. Hormonal and blood lactate concentrations were measured before exercise, immediately after exercise and 15 min after the end of exercise. Blood lactate increased (p<0.05) with resistance exercise in both age groups with the highest increases observed in the young males. Testosterone and cortisol concentrations were higher (p<0.05) immediately and 15 min after exercise as compared to the respective control session values in both young and elderly subjects, whereas no differences were observed between groups (p>0.05). Growth hormone concentration increased (p<0.05) after resistance exercise compared to the control session in both age groups. This increase was higher (p<0.05) in the young as compared to the elderly group. The above results show that a moderate intensity - high repetition resistance exercise protocol for the improvement of strength endurance, seems to be a sufficient stimulus that increases testosterone, growth hormone and cortisol concentrations in elderly males. These hormonal responses may create an optimal metabolic environment, which improves muscular function after a strength endurance program although the elderly subjects present an attenuated growth hormone response compared to younger ones.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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confidence: 99%

Hormonal Responses after a Strength Endurance Resistance Exercise Protocol in Young and Elderly Males

et al. 2007

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“…Several studies compared the outcomes of RT as performed at three different intensities of load. Where outcomes did not differ significantly between groups, the results of the two groups following the most similar training prescriptions were merged by calculating the pooled mean and standard deviation [merged: 70% and 90% to 80% 1RM (Beneka et al., ); 47% and 63% to 50% 1RM (Fatouros et al., ); 75% and 84% to 80% 1RM (Harris et al., )], to facilitate the calculation of total population effects. In cases where merging of results was not feasible because of significant between‐group differences, only the results reported for the group training at the higher of the two lower loads were extracted [results from groups training at 20% 1RM discarded in (Van Roie et al., )].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of resistance training with moderate vs heavy loads on muscle mass and strength in the elderly: A meta‐analysis

Csapo

Alegre

2015

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

183

142

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The purpose of the present study was to perform a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of heavy (∼80% of one repetition maximum, 1RM) vs light-moderate load (∼45% 1RM) resistance training (RT) programs in inducing strength gains and skeletal muscle hypertrophy in elderly people. To assess the role of training volumes, studies in which training protocols were matched for mechanical work were independently analyzed. In all 15 studies included (448 subjects, age 67.8 years), when comparing heavy with light-moderate loads, strength gains tended to be larger following RT with higher intensities of load, with the resulting total population effect being μ = 0.430 (P = 0.060). Effect sizes were substantially smaller in "work-matched" studies (μ = 0.297, P = 0.003). Training with higher loads also provoked marginally larger gains in muscle size, although the degree of training-induced muscle hypertrophy was generally small (0.056 < μ < 0.136). To conclude, provided a sufficient number of repetitions is performed, RT at lower than traditionally recommended intensities of load may suffice to induce substantial gains in muscle strength in elderly cohorts.

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“…Resistance training increases both muscle mass and, to a greater extent, the force developed by a group of muscles [43][44][45]. Specific interventions have also been shown to improve muscle power, i.e.…”

Section: Effects On Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise and longevity

et al. 2012

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The Effect of Resistance Training Intensity on Strength Gain Response in the Older Adult

Cited by 18 publications

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Hormonal Responses after a Strength Endurance Resistance Exercise Protocol in Young and Elderly Males

Hormonal Responses after a Strength Endurance Resistance Exercise Protocol in Young and Elderly Males

Effects of resistance training with moderate vs heavy loads on muscle mass and strength in the elderly: A meta‐analysis

Exercise and longevity

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