Hormonal Responses after a Strength Endurance Resistance Exercise Protocol in Young and Elderly Males

Smilios, Ilias; Pilianidis, T.; Karamouzis, Michalis V.; Parlavantzas, Andreas; Tokmakidis, Savvas P.

doi:10.1055/s-2006-924366

Cited by 43 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…In some studies, elevations in free testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, SHBG, and other androgens such as dihydroepiandosterone have also been observed, but the hormone changes are variable and may depend on the exercise paradigm (resistance vs aerobic), the exercise intensity, and/ or the study population (young vs older men) (4,20,53,58). When testosterone levels are compared cross-sectionally between middle-aged and older men who have engaged in longterm exercise versus those who have not, testosterone levels are higher among regular exercisers (3,40), with similar findings for SHBG (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Exercise on Serum Sex Hormones in Men

Hawkins

Foster-Schubert

Chubak

et al. 2008

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Purpose-The effect of exercise on androgens in middle-aged to older men is poorly understood, and it could have implications for several aspects of health. This analysis was conducted to examine the effects of long-term aerobic exercise on serum sex hormones in middleaged to older men.Methods-One hundred two sedentary men, ages 40-75 yr, were randomly assigned to a 12-month exercise intervention or a control group (no change in activity). The combined facility-and home-based exercise program consisted of moderate/vigorous-intensity aerobic activity for 60 min·d −1 , 6 d·wk −1 . Serum concentrations of testosterone, free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 3α-androstanediol glucuronide (3α-Diol-G), estradiol, free estradiol, and sex hormonebinding globulin (SHBG) were measured at baseline, 3, and 12 months.Results-Exercisers trained a mean of 370 min·wk −1 (102% of goal), with only two dropouts. Cardiopulmonary fitness (VȮ 2max ) increased 10.8% in exercisers and decreased by 1.8% in controls (P < 0.001). DHT increased 14.5% in exercisers versus 1.7% in controls at 3 months (P = 0.04); at 12 months, it remained 8.6% above baseline in exercisers versus a 3.1% decrease in controls (P = 0.03). SHBG increased 14.3% in exercisers versus 5.7% in controls at 3 months (P = 0.04); at 12 months, it remained 8.9% above baseline in exercisers versus 4.0% in controls (P = 0.13). There were significant trends toward increasing DHT and SHBG, with greater increases in VȮ 2max at 3 and 12 months in exercisers. No statistically significant differences were observed for testosterone, free testosterone, 3α-Diol-G, estradiol, or free estradiol in exercisers versus controls.Conclusions-A yearlong, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program increased DHT and SHBG, but it had no effect on other androgens in middle-aged to older men. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptMed Sci Sports Exerc. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 February 16. An age-associated decline of serum testosterone after the fourth to fifth decades of life in men has been observed not only cross-sectionally (61), but also longitudinally in large cohort studies (13,65). A combination of changes in testicular function, altered neuroendocrine regulation of Leydig cells, and increased binding capacity of sex hormonebinding globulin (SHBG) results in approximately 40% lower testosterone levels among men in their 70s compared with men in their 20s (12,25,28). Given the many health changes that also occur in men as they age, the possibility of a relationship between the decline in androgens and these health changes has, not surprisingly, been an area of active investigation. Low levels of testosterone in men have been associated with decreased sexual function, loss of muscle mass and strength, osteoporosis, declining cognitive function, and poorer quality of life (28). Further, the age-related decline in testosterone is associated with increased body fat, insulin resistance, and other metabolic risk factors (36). Despite the common belief to the contrary...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Exercise on Serum Sex Hormones in Men

Hawkins

Foster-Schubert

Chubak

et al. 2008

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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“…Paralelamente, a [La] sanguíneo tem sido usada como um indicador da resposta metabólica ao TF 3,4,11,15,17,26,27 . Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo estão parcialmente de acordo com os achados da literatura 3,4,26,27 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo estão parcialmente de acordo com os achados da literatura 3,4,26,27 . No estudo efetuado por Smilios et al 26 foram observados aumentos significativos na [La] sanguíneo em condições que tinham como exercícios o leg press, o supino reto, a cadeira extensora e a rosca direta com intervalos iguais ou maiores que dois minutos com aproximadamente 15 repetições a 60% 1 RM. Em outro trabalho, Belleza et al 4 verificaram aumentos significantes nas [La] sanguíneo após a realização de uma sessão de TF em que eram efetuados os exercícios leg press, agachamento e supino reto com intervalos entre 2-4 minutos e com séries de 10 RM.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…O protocolo de TF aplicado teve o uso de intervalos entre séries, com duração de dois minutos, de forma similar a alguns estudos realizados anteriormente 4,27 . Contudo, especula-se que a alternância entre os segmentos corporais, a qual possibilitou maior VT durante a realização do treino, pode ter influenciado a resposta metabólica observada no presente estudo 16,17,22,26,27 . Corroborando com as investigações mencionadas anteriormente, é possível que o comportamento da [La] sanguíneo possua maior dependência do VT. Além disso, o fato das repetições terem sido executadas até a falha concêntrica pode ter aumentada a demanda metabólica em comparação a situações em que o TF é efetuado com repetições submáximas 11,16,17 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Efeito da ordem dos exercícios de força sobre o volume, o lactato e o desempenho

Tavares

Ugrinowitsch

Silva

et al. 2017

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introdução: A alternância entre segmentos corporais para prescrição do treinamento de força (TF) é amplamente utilizada, entretanto seus efeitos permanecem desconhecidos. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito agudo da manipulação da ordem dos exercícios do TF, alternando segmentos corporais, sobre a força dinâmica máxima (1 RM) de membros inferiores (MMII) e superiores (MMSS), a concentração de lactato sanguíneo [La], a percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) e o volume total de treino (VT). Métodos: Dezoito homens (23,1 ± 3,8 anos; 78,4 ± 8,6 kg; 1,72 ± 0,06 m) executaram três condições de TF: condição A (supino reto, desenvolvimento, rosca Scott, meio-agachamento, leg press, cadeira extensora); condição B (meio-agachamento, leg press, cadeira extensora, supino reto, desenvolvimento, rosca Scott) e condição C (supino reto, meio-agachamento, desenvolvimento, leg press, rosca Scott e cadeira extensora). Os exercícios foram executados com três séries de 10 RM. Os testes de 1 RM para MMII e MMSS foram realizados nas semanas iniciais e após as condições experimentais. Descritores: fadiga; ácido láctico; tolerância ao exercício. (23.1±3.8 years; 78.4±8.6 kg; 1.72±0.06 m) performed three ST conditions: condition A: (bench press, shoulder press, preacher arm curl, half squat, leg press, leg extension); condition B (half squat, leg press, leg extension, bench press, shoulder press, preacher arm curl) and condition C (bench press, half squat, shoulder press, leg press, preacher arm curl, leg extension (16,169.4 ± 2,562.5 kg) was higher than conditions A (13,222.2 ± 2,010.4 kg) and B (13,989.8 ± 2223.4 kg) (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The results suggest that only TV and the metabolic demand were more affected by the order of exercises. ABSTRACT Introduction: The alternation between body segments for prescription of strength training (ST) is widely used; however, its effects remain unknown. Objective: To verify the acute effect of the manipulation of the order of ST exercises, alternating body segments, on the maximum dynamic force (1 RM) of lower limbs (LL) and upper limbs (UL), blood lactate [La] concentration, subjective perception of effort (SPE) and the total training volume (TV). Methods: Eighteen men

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