The Effect of Rainfall on the Incidence of Cholera in Bangladesh

Hashizume, Masahiro; Armstrong, Ben; Hajat, Shakoor; Wagatsuma, Yukiko; Faruque, A. S. G.; Hayashi, Taiichi; Sack, David A.

doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e31815c09ea

Cited by 133 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…18 An increase in cholera outbreaks following heavy rainfall is observed in epidemic regions of Africa. 19 Similar observations have been reported in Bangladesh, [20][21][22] Haiti, 9 and East Africa. 23 The role of air temperature has also been highlighted in several recent studies.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Environmental Factors Influencing Epidemic Cholera

Jutla

Whitcombe

Hasan

et al. 2013

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

142

121

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Abstract. Cholera outbreak following the earthquake of 2010 in Haiti has reaffirmed that the disease is a major public health threat. Vibrio cholerae is autochthonous to aquatic environment, hence, it cannot be eradicated but hydroclimatology-based prediction and prevention is an achievable goal. Using data from the 1800s, we describe uniqueness in seasonality and mechanism of occurrence of cholera in the epidemic regions of Asia and Latin America. Epidemic regions are located near regional rivers and are characterized by sporadic outbreaks, which are likely to be initiated during episodes of prevailing warm air temperature with low river flows, creating favorable environmental conditions for growth of cholera bacteria. Heavy rainfall, through inundation or breakdown of sanitary infrastructure, accelerates interaction between contaminated water and human activities, resulting in an epidemic. This causal mechanism is markedly different from endemic cholera where tidal intrusion of seawater carrying bacteria from estuary to inland regions, results in outbreaks.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Environmental Factors Influencing Epidemic Cholera

Jutla

Whitcombe

Hasan

et al. 2013

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

142

121

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“…14 In Nha Trang, Viet Nam, Emch and coworkers 13 showed that the probability of outbreaks was higher with increased rainfall, river height, and discharge. In Bangladesh, Hashizume and coworkers 25 showed the risk of cholera increased with high rainfall, and conversely, with decreased rainfall suggesting that river level was on the causal pathway. Their findings illustrate the variability of environmental predictors across and within study sites, hence the importance of conducting thorough time series analysis by site if a plausible predictive model is to be reached.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Variability and the Outbreaks of Cholera in Zanzibar, East Africa: A Time Series Analysis

Reyburn¹,

Kim²,

Emch³

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…In countries with inadequate water and sanitation services, diarrhoea is much more common when temperatures are high (WHO, 2009). Both flooding and unusually low levels of water can also lead to water contamination and bring higher rates of illness and death from cholera and other diarrhoeal diseases (Hashizume, 2008). Warming and greater variability in rainfall threaten to increase the burden of these diseases.…”

Section: Water-borne Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of climate change on human health and health systems in Tanzania: a review

Mboera

Mayala

Kweka

et al. 2012

Tanzania J Hlth Res

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Climate change (CC) has a number of immediate and long-term impacts on the fundamental determinants of human health. A number of potential human health effects have been associated either directly or indirectly with global climate change. Vulnerability to the risks associated with CC may exacerbate ongoing socio-economic challenges. The objective of this review was to analyse the potential risk and vulnerability in the context of climate-sensitive human diseases and health system in Tanzania. Climate sensitive vector-and water-borne diseases and other health related problems and the policies on climate adaptation in Tanzania during the past 50 years are reviewed. The review has shown

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The Effect of Rainfall on the Incidence of Cholera in Bangladesh

Abstract: The number of cholera cases increased with both high and low rainfall in the weeks preceding hospital visits. These results suggest that factors associated with river level are on the causal pathway between high rainfall and incidence of cholera.

Cited by 133 publications

References 23 publications

Environmental Factors Influencing Epidemic Cholera

Environmental Factors Influencing Epidemic Cholera

Climate Variability and the Outbreaks of Cholera in Zanzibar, East Africa: A Time Series Analysis

Impact of climate change on human health and health systems in Tanzania: a review

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