The Effect of Pentoxifylline on the Healing of Segmental Bone Defects and Angiogenesis

Abstract

According to radiological and histological parameters, PTX appears to improve angiogenesis and healing of segmental cortical bone defects of the radius in a rat model.

Benefits of pentoxifylline for skin flap tissue repair in rats

“…The VEGF levels were higher in the skin flap than in the serum of the animals, and both showed a significant increase in this protein in the treated groups. This result suggests that pentoxifylline stimulated the production/ liberation of this important angiogenic molecule and corroborate with the results in the literature 32 .…”

“…Other 8,9,11,13,14,[16][17][18][19][28][29][30][31][32] have demonstrated that parenteral administration of pentoxifylline with different schemes and doses ranging from 1 to 50 mg/kg, was able to improve tissue vitality.…”

“…These findings may help to enhance flap survival with the pharmacological strategy of an available drug administered by subcutaneous route, in addition to benefits such as affordable cost, easy administration, high therapeutic index, effective results, treatment feasibility, known mechanism of action when administered via oral and parenteral routes, bioavailability and protective effects on necrosis. Pentoxifylline suggests that it is dose-dependent, with a possible variability in the different effects based on the dose, schedule, route, and administration period 9,11,14,[28][29][30][31][32] .…”

The effect of pentoxifylline on Achilles tendon healing in tenotomized rabbits

“…For this reason, we believe that an increase in vascularization results in a relatively faster tendon repair. In the study conducted by Çakmak et al [28] on the segmental bone defects in rats, it has been shown that PTX increases vascularization and angiogenesis in the defect area by increasing cluster of differentiation-31 (CD-31) and VEGF.…”

The effects of pentoxifylline adminstration on fracture healing in a postmenopausal osteoporotic rat model

“…PTX was originally used as a hemorheologic drug to treat intermittent claudication, with minor side effects [16]. Previous studies report positive effects of PTX alone or in combination with other drugs on some pathologic bone diseases including osteoradionecrosis, arthritis; as well as an ability to accelerate osteogensis and fracture healing in both animal models and human patients [1718192021222324252627]. However, only a few studies have elucidated the effects of PTX on osteoporotic cells in vitro or in cases of corticosteroid-induced OP.…”