The effects of pentoxifylline adminstration on fracture healing in a postmenopausal osteoporotic rat model

Abstract

Previous studies report positive effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) alone or in combination with other drugs on some pathologic bone diseases as well as an ability to accelerate osteogensis and fracture healing in both animal models and human patients. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the effects of PTX administration on Hounsfield unit and bone strength at catabolic response (bone resorbing) of a fracture in an experimental rat model of ovariectomy induced osteoporosis (OVX-D). Thirty adult female rats were divided into groups as follows: 1 (OVX, control, no treatment); 2 (OVX, sham: daily distilled water); 3 (OVX, daily alendronate: 3 mg/kg); 4 (OVX, twice daily 100 mg/kg PTX) and 5 (OVX, PTX+alenderonate). OVX was induced by bilateral ovariectomy in all rats. A complete standardized osteotomy of the right femur was made after 3.5 months. PTX and alendronate treatments were performed for eight weeks. Then, rats were euthanized and had its right femur subjected to computerized tomography scanning for measuring Hounsfield unit; eventually, the samples were sent for a three point bending test for evaluation of the bone strength. Administration of PTX with 200 mg/kg and alendronate alone and in combination showed no significant alteration in Hounsfield unit and biomechanical properties of repairing callus of the complete osteotomy compared with the control group. Results showed increased bending stiffness and stress high load mean values of repairing complete osteotomy in PTX-treated rats compared to the control OVX-D.

Fabrication of Pentoxifylline-Loaded Hydroxyapatite/Alginate Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…In vivo and in vitro administration of PTX promotes the mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to osteoblast through BMP-2 signaling pathway [7]. In vivo injection of PTX increases the mechanical stiffness of the bone through its antiosteoporotic property [5]. Subcutaneous injection of PTX in mice has been demonstrated to promote osteogenesis in the implanted scaffolds enriched with BMP-2 [8].…”

“…The PTX-loaded and PTX-free scaffold were weighed and incubated in 1 mL 0.01% trypsin (Biochemicals, England) at 37°C. The trypsin solution was changed every other day and the scaffolds were weighed in different time points (1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,25,30,35,40, 50 and 56 days after incubation).…”

“…Besides anti-inflammatory effects, PTX increases the blood flow following decreasing blood viscosity. It causes vasodilation, erythrocyte flexibility improvement and tissue oxygenation enhancement [4][5][6]. There are many reports on the positive impact of PTX on bone regeneration.…”

Stimulatory Effects of KPR-A148 on Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Regeneration

“…Pentoxifylline [3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxohexyl) purine-2,6-dione], a synthetic xanthine derivative, has also been reported to have a positive effect on bone homeostasis. Oral administration or subcutaneous injection of pentoxifylline for several weeks, increased the bone mass and bone strength under normal and pathological conditions [20][21][22]. These previous reports suggest that some of the synthetic xanthine derivatives have positive effects on bone regeneration.…”