The effect of out-of-focus blur on visual discomfort when using stereo displays

Blum, Tobias; Wieczorek, Matthias; Aichert, André; Tibrewal, Radhika; Navab, Nassir

doi:10.1109/ismar.2010.5643544

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Due to methodological limitations and simplicity, comfort-optimizing stereo displays are usually evaluated with subjective methods only. Responses can be collected either by rating methods, where a user issues a score on a Likert scale [Blohm et al 1997;Sun and Holliman 2009;Blum et al 2010;Koppal et al 2011;Liu et al 2011;Ju Jung et al 2012], or with the method of pairwise comparison [Koppal et al 2011;Leroy et al 2012]. An objective way to observe discomfort was used by [Cho and Kang 2012], who counted the eye-blink rate of users.…”

Section: Stereo Viewing Comfortmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, manipulating disparities often leads to a significant reduction of depth quality, for example in the form of depth flattening, known also as the cardboarding effect. Another way to decrease discomfort is to use depth-of-field (DOF) blurring [Talmi and Liu 1999;Blohm et al 1997;Blum et al 2010;Leroy et al 2012], which simulates the foveal sharpness of the image at the point of focus and blurring observed in peripheral vision. However, applying DOF blurring to accurately simulate the perceived retinal image is difficult to achieve in highly dynamic applications and often causes loss of visual detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of fast disparity adjustment in gaze-controlled stereoscopic applications

Bernhard

Dell'mour

Hecher

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

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With the emergence of affordable 3D displays, stereoscopy is becoming a commodity. However, often users report discomfort even after brief exposures to stereo content. One of the main reasons is the conflict between vergence and accommodation that is caused by 3D displays. We investigate dynamic adjustment of stereo parameters in a scene using gaze data in order to reduce discomfort. In a user study, we measured stereo fusion times after abrupt manipulation of disparities using gaze data. We found that gaze-controlled manipulation of disparities can lower fusion times for large disparities. In addition we found that gaze-controlled disparity adjustment should be applied in a personalized manner and ideally performed only at the extremities or outside the comfort zone of subjects. These results provide important insight on the problems associated with fast disparity manipulation and are essential for developing appealing gaze-contingent and gaze-controlled applications.

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Section: Stereo Viewing Comfortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of fast disparity adjustment in gaze-controlled stereoscopic applications

Bernhard

Dell'mour

Hecher

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

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“…This idea is that our binocular vision system attempts to stereo-fuse (to extract depth from parallax views of a scene) as long the image is sharply focused [17,18,5]. This mechanism prevents eye strain by ignoring scenic elements outside the viewed region-of-interest (ROI) by means of adjusting the eye DOF (accommodation) in order to render sharply only the part of the scene we are interested in seeing; in other words, out-of-focus blurring can be used to prevent visual discomfort caused by regions with excessive disparities in the projected scene [19,20,21,22].…”

Section: Background Of the Ideamentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements in the Visualization of Stereoscopic 3D Imagery

Gurrieri

2015

3D Res

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A pleasant visualization of stereoscopic imagery must take into account factors that may produce eye strain and fatigue. Fortunately, our binocular vision system has embedded mechanisms to perceive depth for extended periods of time without producing eye fatigue; however, stereoscopic imagery may still induce visual discomfort in certain displaying scenarios. An important source of eye fatigue originates in the conflict between vergence eye movement and focusing mechanisms. Today's eye-tracking technology makes possible to know the viewers' gaze direction; hence, 3D imagery can be dynamically corrected based on this information. In this paper, I introduce a method to improve the visualization of stereoscopic imagery on planar displays based on emulating vergence and accommodation mechanisms of binocular human vision. Unlike other methods to improve visual comfort that introduce depth distortions in the stereoscopic visual media this technique aims to produce a gentler and more natural binocular viewing experience without distorting the original depth of the scene.

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“…The simplest approach applies blur to static scenes producing a fixed and static DOF [10,14]. Other approaches allow dynamic modification of the DOF position via manual input [1,14] or utilize GC DOF [2,15].…”

Section: Dynamic Blurmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gaze-contingent display is implemented through an EyeLink 1000 eye tracker that provides data with a rate of up to 2000 Hz with a nominal 1.4 ms delay 1 . The display is a Iiyama HM204DT 22 inch CRT display with a resolution of 1280 px × 1024 px running at 100 Hz.…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth perception with gaze-contingent depth of field

Mauderer

Conte

Nacenta

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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Blur in images can create the sensation of depth because it emulates an optical property of the eye; namely, the limited depth of field created by the eye's lens. When the human eye looks at an object, this object appears sharp on the retina, but objects at different distances appear blurred. Advances in gaze-tracking technologies enable us to reproduce dynamic depth of field in regular displays, providing an alternative way of conveying depth. In this paper we investigate gazecontingent depth of field as a method to produce realistic 3D images, and analyze how effectively people can use it to perceive depth. We found that GC DOF increases subjective perceived realism and depth and can contribute to the perception of ordinal depth and distance between objects, but it is limited in its accuracy.

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The effect of out-of-focus blur on visual discomfort when using stereo displays

Abstract: Figure 1: Images with and without simulated out-of-focus blur. On the left a virtual scene is shown, on the right a photographed one.

Cited by 31 publications

References 18 publications

The effects of fast disparity adjustment in gaze-controlled stereoscopic applications

The effects of fast disparity adjustment in gaze-controlled stereoscopic applications

Improvements in the Visualization of Stereoscopic 3D Imagery

Depth perception with gaze-contingent depth of field

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