The Effect of Offender's Attractiveness and Subject's Gender on Judgments in Swindling

Shechory-Bitton, Mally; Zvi, Liza

doi:10.1080/13218719.2014.960037

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Responses to each item were given on a scale of 1 (very little agreement) to 5 (very high agreement). The three blaming items were taken from previous research on perceptions of criminal cases (e.g., Shechory-Bitton and Zvi, 2015 , 2016 , 2019 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another aim was to evaluate gender differences in blame attributions and judgments. Studies have consistently shown sex differences in men and women’s blame attributions and judgments of victims and offenders (e.g., Shechory-Bitton and Zvi, 2015 ; Fido et al, 2018 ) and that, with respect to sexual assault, men tend to attribute more blame and responsibility than women to victims (e.g., Ferrão and Gonçalves, 2015 ; Shechory Bitton and Jaeger, 2019 ). It was thus hypothesized that male participants would be more blaming toward NCII victims relative to female participants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Police Officer Perceptions of Non-consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images

Zvi

Shechory-Bitton

2020

Front. Psychol.

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Non-consensual dissemination of intimate images (NCII) is a major concern in many countries. The increase in the number of NCII cases and awareness of its adverse effects on victims has raised public awareness, with many states enacting legal and non-legal measures to combat this new type of violence. Yet, despite recent legislation, there is a reason to suspect that the majority of NCII cases remain unreported. Thus, research is needed on law enforcement perceptions of victims and identification of victim-blaming attitudes and factors that might affect legal decision-making. The present study addressed this issue by focusing on Israeli police officer perceptions of NCII victims and offenders: 145 police officers and 160 students, who served as a control group, were presented with a scenario depicting an NCII offense in which the stolen intimate material was either self-generated by the victim (selfies) or stealth-taken by the victim's ex-boyfriend. In both cases, the stolen images were disseminated by the ex-boyfriend without the victim's permission. The findings indicated victim-blaming attitudes toward NCII victims within law enforcement as well as an effect of the source of stolen images. Although officers perceived NCII as criminal and the offender as highly culpable and punishable, they engaged in victim-blaming. This was especially the case for the self-taken scenario, which elicited negative feelings and less empathy toward the victim. The relevance of emotions in legal contexts is emphasized in light of their contribution to the participants' punitive judgments. Victim-blaming in NCII offenses and its implications are discussed, and suggestions are made for how to reduce negative and victim-blaming attitudes among law enforcement.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Police Officer Perceptions of Non-consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images

Zvi

Shechory-Bitton

2020

Front. Psychol.

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“…These abilities are mainly the product of the subjective way a person perceives oneself and others and may therefore be biased. Our perception is inherently influenced by various internal and external factors (e.g., Dror & Murrie, ; Shechory‐Bitton & Zvi, , , ; Zapf & Dror, ). The perceived ability to deliver the truth convincingly is especially important in the interrogation situation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of narcissism, self‐reported lies, and self‐assessed abilities to tell and detect lies, tell truths, and believe others

Zvi

Elaad

2018

Journal Invest Psychology

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This novel research focuses on the relations amongst narcissistic features, self-assessed communication abilities related to lies and truths, and reports about actual lying. One hundred twenty-five participants rated their ability to succeed at telling lies, telling the truth convincingly, detecting lies, and believing others. The participants also completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and reported their weekly lying frequency using designated questions. Results indicated a positive link between narcissism and self-ratings of the lie-telling ability. High narcissistic scorers further exhibited confidence in their abilities to detect lies and to convince listeners using truthful communication. Finally, narcissism correlated with reports of telling frequent lies. Different narcissistic subscales correlated with telling different kinds of lies. The theoretical significance of the present results and their importance to the legal system were discussed.

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“…For instance, some showed that attractive suspects were punished less severely in committing a swindle (Wuensch et al, 1991). Others did not find any effect of facial attractiveness on punishments (Smith and Hed, 1979; Mazzella and Feingold, 1994; Shechory-Bitton and Zvi, 2014). Therefore, it is not yet clear how facial attractiveness affects legal judgments in swindling cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…It could be replaced by a “beauty-penalty effect” if the crimes were attractiveness-related, such as in the crime of swindling. Specifically, attractive defendants were considered more responsible for their actions or should deserve harsher penalties because they were believed to be able to take advantage of their physical appearance to perform the swindling (Sigall and Ostrove, 1975; Wuensch et al, 1993; Shechory-Bitton and Zvi, 2014). However, the research findings concerning the effect of physical attractiveness on the judicial decisions in swindling are not always consistent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Male Defendants’ Attractiveness and Trustworthiness on Simulated Judicial Decisions in Two Different Swindles

et al. 2019

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The present study aimed to examine the effects of male defendants’ facial appearance (attractiveness and trustworthiness) on judicial decisions in two different swindles. We selected the following four categories of faces by manipulating facial attractiveness and trustworthiness simultaneously: the attractive and trustworthy face; the attractive but untrustworthy face; the unattractive but trustworthy face; and the unattractive and untrustworthy face. A total of six hundred and sixty-three participants across two studies were asked to make conviction-related judgments and penalty-related decisions for the defendants after they were randomly assigned to one of the four categories of faces. In Experiment 1, we used a blind-date swindle and found a “beauty penalty” for physically attractive defendants among females. Specifically, female participants were more likely to issue a guilty verdict to better-looking male defendants. Additionally, this “beauty-penalty effect” was merely observed in the untrustworthy condition. In Experiment 2, we used a telecommunication swindle, and the results showed that facial trustworthiness significantly predicted punishment magnitude and sentence decisions. Moreover, an exploratory analysis revealed that the disgust evoked by the faces partially mediated the relationship between facial trustworthiness and the assignment of criminal penalties. Taken together, these findings indicated that facial attractiveness and trustworthiness played different roles in judicial decisions. Importantly, the effect of facial attractiveness on judicial decisions differed as the detailed criminal circumstances of the offenses changed.

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The Effect of Offender's Attractiveness and Subject's Gender on Judgments in Swindling

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Police Officer Perceptions of Non-consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images

Police Officer Perceptions of Non-consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images

Correlates of narcissism, self‐reported lies, and self‐assessed abilities to tell and detect lies, tell truths, and believe others

Effects of Male Defendants’ Attractiveness and Trustworthiness on Simulated Judicial Decisions in Two Different Swindles

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