The effect of moisture present in polymers on their X-ray diffraction patterns

Manjunath, B. R.; Venkataraman, A.; Stephen, T. M.

doi:10.1002/app.1973.070170407

Cited by 72 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Thus, even if the intensities of the peak at 18°decrease rapidly, the fall in the percentage of crystallinity is not substantial. However, if we use the single peak at 18°and the area under the curve method 21 for the calculations of percentage of crystallinity, rather than the formula based on the intensity, 22 then the decrease in the percent crystallinity is significant.…”

Section: Xrd Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Structural properties of sodium ion implanted poly(vinyl alcohol) films

Bhat¹,

Nate²,

Bambole

et al. 2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films were implanted with sodium ions at various energies and total doses. Modified films were characterized by Fourier transform IR (FTIR), UV-visible (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From FTIR studies, it was evident that scission of the main chain occurred together with removal of hydrogen and hydroxyl groups. Sodium ions formed weak bonds with oxygen from the neighboring chains. UV-vis studies of implanted PVA showed increases in the absorbance values with the various energies and total doses. XRD studies revealed that, as the energy and total dose increased overall, the crystallinity decreased and new peaks at different 2 values appeared. Changes in the crystallinity were also studied for thermally annealed PVA films in order to correlate and understand the phenomena of recrystallization due to ion implantation. The morphological features of the films were investigated by SEM.

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Section: Xrd Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Structural properties of sodium ion implanted poly(vinyl alcohol) films

Bhat¹,

Nate²,

Bambole

et al. 2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The proportion between amorphous phase contributions in overall structure (R) of PAni-B and PAni-DBSA, in each reaction time, was calculated using the ratio between minimum and heights of peaks, as described in Saravanan et al (2006) and Manjunath et al (1973).…”

Section: X-ray Diffractometry Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Morphological Characteristics of Polyaniline Synthesized in Pilot Scale

Mazzeu

Faria

Cardoso

et al. 2017

J.Aerosp. Technol. Manag.

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AbstrAct:Polyanilines have many applications in Aerospace, especially in their doped form. Studies on their synthesis in a pilot scale can contribute to obtain products with desirable characteristics for such applications. The present study reports the chemical oxidative synthesis of polyaniline in pilot scale and different reaction times in order to determine if there are variations in the polyaniline structure, morphology and conductivity due to these synthesis conditions. It is very common to analyze these data for polymers obtained through bench scale. However, several parameters change the properties of final material in major scales, such as thermal, mechanic and diffusive variables. Therefore, the reaction time is the only variable into the 9 syntheses carried out, and polyaniline is obtained in a doped form, being dedoped with ammonium hydroxide and redoped with dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid. The doped and redoped samples were characterized by their molecular structure, thermal behavior, crystallinity and morphology. The electrical conductivity of redoped samples was determined. Some differences in the structure and morphology of doped and dedoped forms, identifying the doping structures, were reported. This paper aims to present the relationship between changes on structure and morphology of doped and undoped polyaniline obtained by the mentioned experiments. Furthermore, some addicts on conductivity are carried out. It was possible to contribute in order to obtain a more conductive polyaniline in pilot scale.

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“…The crystallinity index of the pure and Zn-filled Nylon 11 samples were calculated using Manjunath's formula, 12 and the results are tabulated in Table I. Thus, by the addition of Zn fillers in pure Nylon 11, it is observed that the crystallinity of the filled samples increases as compared with that of the pure Nylon 11.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the method suggested by Manjunath et al, 12 for any polymer, the resolution of the peak R is given by,…”

Section: Wide Angle X-ray Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural, morphological, and dynamic mechanical properties of Zn‐filled Nylon 11

Pande

Kelkar

Peshwe

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Nylon 11 samples were filled with metal (Zn) fillers of two different concentrations (1 and 5% w/w) each. The samples in the form of disc were obtained by using hot press molder. The structural properties have been investigated using density measurement and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) technique. The morphology of pure and Zn-filled samples has been studied using scanning electron microscopy. Glass transition (T g ) temperature was determined using dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer (DMTA). The result shows that there is slight crystal modification due to the addition of metal fillers (Zn), and the crystallinity has improved.

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The effect of moisture present in polymers on their X-ray diffraction patterns

Cited by 72 publications

References 0 publications

Structural properties of sodium ion implanted poly(vinyl alcohol) films

Structural properties of sodium ion implanted poly(vinyl alcohol) films

Structural and Morphological Characteristics of Polyaniline Synthesized in Pilot Scale

Structural, morphological, and dynamic mechanical properties of Zn‐filled Nylon 11

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