The Effect of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on the Osseoinduction of Impaction Grafts

Abstract

Revision total hip replacement has a failure rate of up to 25%. Part of the reason for this high failure is the lack of bone stock. In this study, we investigated whether mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) or osteoprogenitors (OPs) contribute to bone formation in impacted allograft or an allograft and hydroxyapatite (HA) combination. Eight samples were inserted in the paraspinal muscles of six sheep, which were allograft or an HA/allograft mix, seeded with autologous MSCs, autologous OPs, or no cells (control), and impacted with a clinically relevant force at 3 kN preimplantation. Other groups were HA blocks seeded with or without MSCs. Samples were retrieved at 12 weeks. MSCs incorporated into allograft, HA/allograft, and HA blocks displayed higher mean values of new bone formation compared with the controls, but there was no statistical difference between allograft groups. However, in HA/allograft groups, significantly more new bone was found with MSCs than without cells (p = 0.046) or with OPs (p = 0.028). In the HA blocks, more new bone was found in the MSC group than in the HA block without cells (p = 0.028). In conclusion, MSCs used with combinations of allograft and HA enhance new bone formation in an ovine ectopic site after being subjected to realistic forces that are used during impaction grafting.

A comparison of allogeneic and autologous mesenchymal stromal cells and osteoprogenitor cells in augmenting bone formation around massive bone tumor prostheses

“…These results were also in agreement with previous studies where scaffolds seeded with MSCs precultured in osteogenic media for very short periods of time showed highest osteoinductivity 33, 34. However, results are in contrast to an ovine model study reported by Korda et al30 where results showed a significant reduction in bone formation in the OPC given group.…”

“…We hypothesized that OPCs would further augment bone growth and bone‐implant contact when compared with autologous MSCs. Our previous studies29, 30 established that MSC expansion in osteogenic culture conditions for 14 days resulted in a population of functionally active secretory osteoblasts that produced significantly increased amounts of ALP and osteocalcin and produced bone mineral at 28 days postculture. Therefore, in this study, MSCs remained in osteogenic culture conditions for 14 days prior to administration in vivo and osteoblastic differentiation was shown with increased alkaline phosphatase activity.…”

Utilização de células-tronco mesenquimais visando o crescimento ósseo maxilomandibular – revisão de literatura

“…Todos os autores relatados 1,2,3,4,6,9,15 concordam que as células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas da medula óssea humana adulta são um subconjunto de células precursoras multipotenciais. Elas são notáveis por sua capacidade de autoproliferar e se diferenciar ao longo de várias linhagens, incluindo osso, cartilagem, tecido adiposo, células musculares e neurais.…”

In vivo bone regeneration with injectable chitosan/hydroxyapatite/collagen composites and mesenchymal stem cells

“…Others have shown that uninduced MSCs were able to survive in the osteochondral defects and differentiate into osteoblasts, making a contribution to bone regeneration [32]. Studies using animal models have shown that MSCs are osteoinductive [33]. In this regard, we carried out the allogeneic MSCs implantation experiments using the injectable CS/nHAC scaffolds.…”