THE EFFECT OF MALACCA LEAVES (Phyllantus emblica) ETHANOLIC EXTRACT ON Plasmodium falciparum GROWTH IN VITRO

Abstract

The aim of this research was to find out in vitro antiplasmodium activity of Malacca leaves (Phyllantus emblica) ethanolic extract against Plasmodium falciparum growth. In this study, Plasmodium culture contained 5% parasitemia in ring stage was cultured using candle jar method and antiplasmodial activity test was carried out using microculture. The treatments were divided into 7 groups with four repetitions. K1 as negative control group was given Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI), while K2 as positive control group was given artesdiaquine. Groups K3, K4, K5, K6, and K7 group was added with 100 µg/mL, 75 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, and 5 µg/mL of Malacca leaves ethanolic extract, respectively. Antiplasmodial activity was determined by inhibition concentration of 50% parasite growth (IC50). The data were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by Duncan test. The average of parasitemia level in group K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, and K7 were 55.25±15.62, 8.50±2.52, 8.50±3.00, 9.25±0.95, 9.00±2.70, 9.79±2.06, and 10.75±2.22, respectively. The average of inhibition percentage in group K1, K2; K3; K4; K5; K6; and K7 were 0.00±0.00%, 84.62±4.55%; 84.62±5.43%; 83.26±1.73%; 83.71±4,90%; 82.35±3,73%; and 80.54±6.83%, respectively (P0.01). The results showed that the administration of malacca leaves ethanolic extract significantly affect (P0.01) the inhibition of Plasmodium growth as compared to group K1 (negative control). Probit analysis reveals the IC50 value was 3.889 µg/mL. In conclusion, all doses of malacca leaves ethanolic extract used in this study was able to inhibit Plasmodium falciparum growth with IC50 value was 3.889 µg/mL.

Malacca leaf ethanolic extract (Phyllanthus emblica) as a hepatoprotector of the liver of mice (Mus musculus) infected with Plasmodium berghei

“…Among such plants is the Malacca plant that has been reported to have antiparasitic and immune-enhancing properties and is also used for medicinal purposes and as a source of vitamins [ 8 ]. A previous study has demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of Malacca leaves inhibited the growth of P. falciparum at a concentration of 100 μg/ml, with an ability to inhibit 50% growth of P. falciparum at 3889 μg/ml [ 9 ]. The fruits, leaves, and roots of the Malacca tree contain polyphenols (tannins) and flavonoids [ 10 ].…”

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Malaka (Phyllantus emblica) Terhadap Jumlah dan Diferensial Leukosit Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinfeksi Trypanosoma evansi

“…Ekstrak daun malaka juga efektif digunakan untuk pengobatan kemoterapi (Singh et al, 2011), antivirus, antimutagenik, antialergi (Khopde et al, 2001 dan antimalaria (Asmilia et al, 2018) antitumor (Sumalatha, 2013), antimikroba, antibakteri, antijamur (Singh et al, 2015). Hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian daun malaka sebagai pengobatan alternatif untuk penyakit tripanosomiasis.…”

Chemical Compounds of Malacca Leaf (Phyllanthus emblica) after Triple Extraction with N-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate, and Ethanol

“…Numerous studies have been done on the Malacca plant which reported that the Malacca plant has a potency as chemoprotective and antioxidant [6], analgesic, antipyretic [12], antitumor [13,14], anti-inflammation [15,16], able to decrease blood sugar level [17], antiviral, antimutagenic, and antiallergic [18], antimicrobial, and antibacterial antifungals [19,20]. Malar and Mary [21] proved that the fruit of Malacca can appear to be able to repair liver damage, and Asmilia et al [22] reported that the ethanolic extract of Malacca leaves has a higher inhibition level on Plasmodium falciparum growth compared to ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract of Malacca leaves. Deepak and Gopal [23] found terpenes, phytosterols, and terpenoids in ethyl acetate extracts from the bark of Phyllanthus emblica.…”