The effect of luteal phase support protocol on cycle outcome and luteal phase hormone profile in long agonist protocol intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles: a randomized clinical trial

A comparison of the effects of three different luteal phase support protocols on in vitro fertilization outcomes: a randomized clinical trial

“…In all studies in the literature as in our study, the miscarriage rate was found to be higher in the P-only group compared with the groups taking estrogen or hCG supplementation (statistically significant or not) (6,8,9,21,22). This could be due to the fact that a low midluteal E 2 level reduces the endometrial receptivity.…”

“…Elgindy et al (22) found the lowest E 2 levels on days 7, 10, and 13 in the P-only group during the luteal phase and also showed that the decreases on days 7 and 10 were the highest. Ghanem et al (9) found the highest midluteal E 2 level and lowest E 2 decline ratio in the E 2 þ P group compared with the other two groups. In our study, an examination of the E 2 levels during the luteal phase showed a decrease on days 7 and 10 across all groups.…”

“…In the studies of Farhi et al (8) and Elgindy et al (22), no statistical difference was found between the serum P levels during the luteal phase on days 7, 10, and 12 to 13 in the P-only and E 2 þ P groups. Ghanem et al (9) found the highest midluteal P values in the hCG þ P group compared with the other two groups. In our study, we did not observe a difference between the P levels of the groups on days 7 and 10 of the luteal phase.…”

“…In the study of Gruber et al (33) on IVF cycles, with respect to the E 2 /P rate, pregnant patients had higher rates on all 3 days (33). Ghanem et al (9) found that the midluteal E 2 /P ratio was significantly higher in the E 2 þ P group compared with the other two groups. In our study, the E 2 /P rate was significantly higher in the E 2 þ P and hCG þ P groups than in the P-only group on both days 7 and 10.…”

The impact of preconception maternal stress on fecundability and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

“…During the follicular phase, the body is preparing for the growth and maturation of an ovarian follicle. The luteal phase is the period after the day of ovulation and occurrence of pregnancy or 2 weeks before menses begin again and it is during this window of time that implantation ensues (Ghanem et al 2009, Razieh et al 2009). The day of ovulation is when the mature follicle ruptures and is capable of becoming fertilized if a sperm is successful.…”