The effect of induced self-presentation concerns on cognitive appraisal and affect

Howle, Timothy C.

doi:10.1080/10615806.2013.763934

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A majority of the studies appeared to test predictions 2 and 3, examining the associations between self-efficacy, perceptions of control, and achievement goals, using self-report measures or interviews (for example, Howle and Eklund, 2013;Meijen et al, 2013). Meijen et al (2013) found that avoidance goals were positively related to a threat perception, and approach goals and self-efficacy negatively predicted a threat perception.…”

Section: The Predictions Of the Theory Of Challenge And Threat Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Theory of Challenge and Threat States in Athletes: A Revised Conceptualization

et al. 2020

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The Theory of Challenge and Threat States in Athletes (TCTSA) provides a psychophysiological framework for how athletes anticipate motivated performance situations. The purpose of this review is to discuss how research has addressed the 15 predictions made by the TCTSA, to evaluate the mechanisms underpinning the TCTSA in light of the research that has emerged in the last 10 years, and to inform a revised TCTSA (TCTSA-R). There was support for many of the 15 predictions in the TCTSA, with two main areas for reflection identified: to understand the physiology of challenge and to re-evaluate the concept of resource appraisals. This re-evaluation informs the TCTSA-R, which elucidates the physiological changes, predispositions, and cognitive appraisals that mark challenge and threat states. First, the relative strength of the sympathetic nervous system response is outlined as a determinant of challenge and threat patterns of reactivity and we suggest that oxytocin and neuropeptide Y are also key indicators of an adaptive approach to motivated performance situations and can facilitate a challenge state. Second, although predispositions were acknowledged within the TCTSA, how these may influence challenge and threat states was not specified. In the TCTSA-R, it is proposed that one's propensity to appraise stressors is a challenge that most strongly dictates acute cognitive appraisals. Third, in the TCTSA-R, a more parsimonious integration of Lazarusian ideas of cognitive appraisal and challenge and threat is proposed. Given that an athlete can make both challenge and threat primary appraisals and can have both high or low resources compared to perceived demands, a 2 × 2 bifurcation theory of challenge and threat is proposed. This reflects polychotomy of four states: high challenge, low challenge, low threat, and high threat. For example, in low threat, an athlete can evince a threat state but still perform well so long as they perceive high resources. Consequently, we propose suggestions for research concerning measurement tools and a reconsideration of resources to include social support. Finally, applied recommendations are made based on adjusting demands and enhancing resources.

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Section: The Predictions Of the Theory Of Challenge And Threat Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practical terms, this may be an athlete who decides to avoid going into a tackle at a rugby match. Although there were no experimental studies focusing on this prediction, Howle and Eklund (2013) found that a challenge state was associated with lower avoidance goals.…”

Section: The Predictions Of the Theory Of Challenge And Threat Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Theory of Challenge and Threat States in Athletes: A Revised Conceptualization

et al. 2020

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“…Several studies such as Coetzee et al (2006), Cox et al (2010) and Elferink-Gemser (2005) emphasize the importance of psychological characteristics for success in elite sports. Hook, Valentiner and Connelly (2013), Howle and Eklund (2013), think of sports performance as of a situation of evaluation, which is influenced by emotional and cognitive factors. This is why, according to what has already been said and agreeing with Fletcher and Scott (2010), personal characteristics as well as the situational and cultural objectives of the athletes are factors to be considered.…”

Section: Emotions and Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2018

JPES

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Problem: Sports' news is utmost prominent in the pages of many Portuguese and international newspapers alongside an increasing interaction between fans and the clubs/players in several social networks. In addition, television contracts for sports broadcasting rights regularly reach hundreds of thousands of euros (Stead, 2010). However, the investigation of the consequences of these facts on athletes as well as the connections between sports and the media are still at a developing stage or unproven, which raises challenges and relevant research questions we will address. Purpose: In this paper we describe the development of a research project to get the answers for some important questions, such as: Does sport depend on the media? Does the media depend on sport? Are we looking at a reciprocal relationship? Does the media influence player's sports performance? Which influential mechanisms are present there? In which dimensions and intensities do they influence? Having become strong icons and instruments of change, does sports and social communication developed together as an important global industry with partnership dynamics? This paper constitutes the first part of an ongoing multidisciplinary research. The authors aim to contribute to the understanding and extent to which sports media/press influences footballers' performance. Methods. This is mostly a literature review uncovering several strands of opinion and coming across many well cited authors responsible for numerous analyses of sport events and media coverage. Hitherto, it became clear that few of them correlate media and sport as influential on the performance itself. Because of the thorough literature review, it will be presented a comprehensive theoretical underpinning for the correlation between media coverage and the performance of footballers. Based on some few empirical studies we also present a testable model to add value to some explanations. After this step we followed a large interview process to professional footballers, coaches, directors and media staff working at the clubs. At this stage in time we are analysing those results and using NVivo 10.0 software. Results are still under detailed analysis but seem to explain the expected influential mechanism.Results: The results are presented as a list and synthesis of the literature review and a description of the model used to build the half structure of the interviews to apply to our sample and get the major data for further analysis. Discussion: The discussion of the literature review is presented and the constructed model for data collection application is presented. Conclusion: We concluded there is a strong relationship between media and athlete performance although we could not prove as determinant; we describe some influential mechanisms of that relationship upon athlete's perspectives and we also could observe there is a long way to go on dynamic partnerships among media, clubs, athletes to build an important global industry.

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“…Performance is a sport outcome undoubtedly regulated and influenced by mental factors ( Howle and Eklund, 2013 ). The abilities connected with regulating arousal, processing information and managing emotions are crucial determinants of performance for competitive athletes ( Thomas et al, 1999 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Strategies Predict Performance and Satisfaction with Performance Among Soccer Players

Kruk

Blecharz²,

Boberska

et al. 2017

Journal of Human Kinetics

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This study investigated the changes in mental strategies across the season and their effects on performance and satisfaction with individual performance. Data were collected three times: at the pre-season at Time 1 (T1; baseline), in the mid-season at Time 2 (T2; two-month follow-up), and at the end-of-season at Time 3 (T3; nine-month follow-up) among male soccer players (N = 97) aged 16-27. Athletes completed the questionnaires assessing the use of nine psychological strategies in competition and the level of satisfaction with individual performance. Endurance performance was measured objectively with a 300 m run. A high level of relaxation (T1) explained better 300 m run performance (T3) and a high level of self-talk explained a higher satisfaction with individual performance (T3). A rare use of distractibility and emotional control (T1) predicted a higher level of satisfaction with individual performance (T3). No predictive role of other psychological strategies was found. The use of emotional control, relaxation, and distractibility increased over the season, whereas the use of imagery and negative thinking declined. Besides the roles of self-talk, imagery, relaxation and goal-setting, the effects of distractibility and emotional control should be taken into account when considering athletes’ mental training programs.

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The effect of induced self-presentation concerns on cognitive appraisal and affect

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

A Theory of Challenge and Threat States in Athletes: A Revised Conceptualization

A Theory of Challenge and Threat States in Athletes: A Revised Conceptualization

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Mental Strategies Predict Performance and Satisfaction with Performance Among Soccer Players

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