Researchers have speculated that sedentary behaviour may reduce health-related quality of life (HRQOL), but the extent to which this is true remains unknown. Our study sought to systematically review and synthesise research on the relationship between sedentary behaviours and HRQOL and to investigate if these relationships are moderated by age, health status, and HRQOL domain. The review was registered with PROSPERO (no. CRD42016036342). We searched six electronic databases. The selection process resulted in including k = 27 original studies; k = 18 were included in a meta-analysis. Data were synthesised twice, using the methods of systematic review and meta-analysis, in order to reduce biases related to a small number of included studies. Both the systematic review and meta-analytical methods indicated that lower levels of sedentary behaviours were associated with higher physical HRQOL (estimate of average effect: r = -.140; 95% CI -.191, -.088). Moderator analyses indicated that associations between the physical HRQOL domain and sedentary behaviours may be similar in strength across age- and health status groups. Causal inferences could not be drawn as most studies were cross-sectional. Concluding, sedentary behaviours were related to better physical HRQOL but not reliably to mental and social HRQOL.

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Purpose Theoretical models, such as the transdiagnostic model of eating disorders highlight the role of cognitive factors (e.g., the way people perceive their bodies) and their associations with maladaptive weight management behaviors resulting in underweight. This paper aims at testing the indirect association of adolescent's body satisfaction and body mass index (BMI) through restrictive dieting, healthy eating or unhealthy eating as well as moderating role of adolescent's weight status. Methods The study was conducted in 16 public middle and high schools in Central and Eastern Poland. A sample of 1042 under-and healthy-weight white adolescents aged 13-20 (BMI: 12.63-24.89) completed two self-reported questionnaires (fruit, vegetable, and energy-dense food intake) with a 11-month interval. Weight and height were measured objectively. Multiple mediation analysis and moderated multiple mediation analysis were conducted to test the study hypotheses. Results Adolescents less satisfied with their bodies were more likely to diet restrictively and at the same time ate more unhealthy energy-dense food rather than healthy food, which in turn predicted lower BMI. No moderating effects of weight status were found. Conclusions Low body satisfaction is a risk for restrictive diet and unhealthy food intake. Prevention programs may target under-and healthy-weight adolescents who are highly dissatisfied with their bodies, have a high intake of energy-dense food and apply a restrictive diet at the same time. Level of evidence Level III: longitudinal cohort study.

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Background Socio-ecological models indicate that family, school, and community environment explains children’s physical activity and body weight. This study investigated whether parental perceptions of school/community-based physical activity (PA) promotion programs as well as parental and child perceptions of parental instrumental support for child PA (transportation provision) would predict child body weight. Child moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was hypothesized to mediate these associations. Method Data of 879 parent-child dyads were collected at two measurement points: the baseline (T1) and the 7–8-month follow-up (T2). Parents were 23–68 years old (83.3% women), while children were 5–11 years old (52.4% girls). Parents and children reported their perceptions of environment, support (T1), and MVPA (T1, T2). Parental and child body weight and height were measured objectively (T1, T2). Results Path analyses indicated indirect effects of parental perceptions of school/community-based PA policies (T1) and parental perceptions of transportation provision (T1) on child body weight (T2), with child MVPA (T2) operating as the mediator. There were no direct or indirect effects of child perceptions of parental transportation provision (T1) on child MVPA or body weight (T2). Similar patterns of associations were found for the total sample and the subsample of children with overweight/obesity. Conclusion Parental perceptions of school/community-based PA policies and transportation provision may explain changes in child MVPA and body weight. Interventions aimed at prevention of child overweight/obesity may benefit from a focus on parental transportation provision to PA facilities and parental awareness of PA promotion at local environment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12529-019-09780-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Objectives This study provides an insight into associations between: (1) parental and child perceptions of parental strategies restricting screen use among children, (2) child perceptions of the presence and availability of screen‐based equipment at home, (3) child sedentary screen use behaviours, and (4) child body fat. Design A prospective study with two assessment periods (Time 1, T1; Time 2, T2), spanning 7–8 months. Methods At T1, 879 parent–child dyads (83.3% mothers; 52.3% girls) were enrolled and provided parental and child (5–11 years old) self‐report data. T2 data were obtained from 603 dyads. Child body fat was measured with bioimpedance method (T1 and T2). Path analysis was used to test models calculated with and without additional covariates, such as parental and child age and gender, parental education, and economic status. Results Path analysis indicated indirect effects of the presence and availability of screen‐based equipment at home (T1) on child body fat (T2), with screen use among children (T1) mediating this association. Parental perceptions of restrictions (T1) were unrelated to child body fat (T2). In contrast, child perceptions of parental restrictions (T1) predicted child body fat (T2). Children who perceived that their parents applied a higher level of restrictions (T1) had a lower body fat at the 7‐ to 8‐month follow‐up. These associations were found after controlling for baseline levels of child body fat, across models calculated with and without additional covariates. Conclusions Child, not parental perceptions of parental restrictions, predicted better obesity‐related outcomes in children, such as lower body fat. What is already known on this subject? Little is known about effects of parental restrictions of screen use on child body fat. Evidence is mostly cross‐sectional, except from a recent investigation by Sleddens, Gubbels, Kremers, van der Plas, and Thijs (). To date, effects of parental (not children's) reports of screen use restrictions were investigated. What does this study add? Children reporting more parental restrictions of screen use have less body fat at a follow‐up. Parental reports of screen use restrictions are unrelated to child screen use and body fat. Frequent screen use mediate between the number of screen devices at home and higher child body fat.

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effects of collaborative, dyadic, and individual planning on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in target person-partner dyads. Individual planning reflects an "I-for-me" planning of one person's behavior. Collaborative planning refers to joint planning of both dyad members' behavior ("We-for-us" planning), and dyadic planning refers to joint planning of only the target person's behavior ("We-for-me" planning). Method: N = 320 dyads of target persons (M age: 43.86 years old) and partners (M age: 42.32 years old) participated in a randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT03011385) with three experimental planning conditions (collaborative, dyadic, or individual planning) and an active control condition (physical activity, sedentary behavior, and nutrition education). Target persons did not meet international MVPA guidelines or were recommended to increase their MVPA due to cardiovascular disease or type II diabetes. MVPA was measured with ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers at baseline, 1-week follow-up, and 36-week follow-up (6 months after the final intervention session; the primary endpoint). Linear mixed models were fit for target persons and partners separately. Results: At 1-week follow-up, there were no significant Time 3 Condition interaction effects among target persons and partners. At 36-week follow-up, target persons and partners in the dyadic planning conditions increased their MVPA, compared to the control condition. Conclusions: Individuals with insufficient physical activity or with a cardiovascular disease/type II diabetes and their partners may benefit from dyadic planning, which is a promising strategy to achieve physical activity increases.

BackgroundEstablishing the sequence in which risk factors for eating disorders (ED) emerge would enable more effective ED prevention. Thus, in our study we investigated reciprocal and indirect associations between three cognitive and behavioral ED determinants (appearance orientation, appearance worries, and dieting) emphasized in the transdiagnostic model of ED.MethodsData were collected in a non-clinical group of adolescents at Time 1 (T1), and then 2-months (Time 2, T2) and 13-months later (Time 3, T3). Participants (N = 1260) aged 13–19 completed a questionnaire encompassing their nutrition behaviors, beliefs about appearance, health and well-being. Weight and height were measured objectively.ResultsHigher levels of appearance orientation (T1) were associated with higher levels of appearance worries (T2) which in turn predicted dieting (T3). Dieting (T1) predicted higher levels of appearance orientation (T2) which in turn predicted higher levels of appearance worries (T3). Higher levels of appearance worries (T1) were associated with higher levels of appearance orientation (T2) which in turn predicted dieting (T3). Also, higher levels of appearance worries (T1) were associated with dieting (T2), and higher levels of appearance orientation (T3).ConclusionsThe three transdiagnostic model variables formed a vicious cycle. Therefore, higher levels of one of ED determinants (appearance orientation, appearance worries or dieting) increase the likelihood of the elevated levels of two other ED determinants at follow-ups and thus enhances the risk for ED.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1328-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.