The Effect of Hair Pigment on the Incorporation of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEE)

Kulaga, Vivian; Velázquez-Armenta, Yadira; Aleksa, Katarina; Vergee, Zulfikarali; Koren, Gideon

doi:10.1093/alcalc/agn114

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The use of specific diagnostic biomarkers for chronic alcohol consumption, ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), has been investigated in various matrices including hair. 45,62,145 EtG and FAEEs are affected by cosmetic treatments; however, their incorporation into hair is not affected by hair pigmentation. 45,156 The SoHT published a consensus statement in 2009 recommending identification of either EtG or FAEEs in hair for assessing chronic alcohol consumption while encouraging identification of both.…”

Section: Chronic Excessive Alcohol Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…45,62,145 EtG and FAEEs are affected by cosmetic treatments; however, their incorporation into hair is not affected by hair pigmentation. 45,156 The SoHT published a consensus statement in 2009 recommending identification of either EtG or FAEEs in hair for assessing chronic alcohol consumption while encouraging identification of both. 5 Recommendations are given with respect to analytical instrumentation, GC or LC tandem MS for EtG and headspace solid-phase microextraction with GC-MS for FAEEs and the cut-offs to employ, as listed in Table 5.…”

Section: Chronic Excessive Alcohol Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hair testing is taking root

Cooper

2011

Ann Clin Biochem

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An increasing number of toxicology laboratories are choosing to expand the services they offer to include hair testing in response to customer demands. Hair provides the toxicologist with many advantages over conventional matrices in that it is easy to collect, is a robust and stable matrix that does not require refrigeration, and most importantly, provides a historical profile of an individual's exposure to drugs or analytes of interest. The establishment of hair as a complementary technique in forensic toxicology is a direct result of the success of the matrix in medicolegal cases and the wide range of applications. However, before introducing hair testing, laboratories must consider what additional requirements they will need that extend beyond simply adapting methodologies already validated for blood or urine. Hair presents many challenges with respect to the lack of available quality control materials, extensive sample handling protocols and low drug concentrations requiring greater instrument sensitivity. Unfortunately, a common pitfall involves over-interpretation of the findings and must be avoided.

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Section: Chronic Excessive Alcohol Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chronic Excessive Alcohol Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair testing is taking root

Cooper

2011

Ann Clin Biochem

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“…In order to test the hypothesis that FAEE do not preferentially accumulate in pigmented hair, the Motherisk laboratory developed an experimental model using Long Evans rats; rats that contain naturally occurring black and white patches of hair. Results show that FAEE are detectable in this model post-treatment with ethanol, and that there is no statistical difference in levels of cumulative FAEE between white and black hair, respectively [42]. Therefore, these results indicate the FAEE hair test is not likely susceptible to a hair colour bias.…”

Section: Hair Faee Using Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 57%

The fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) hair test: emerging technology for the diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)

Kulaga¹,

Pragst²,

Koren³

2009

Ann Toxicol Anal

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-Aim: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the most prevalent cause of neurocognitive handicap among North American children. A serious challenge in the diagnosis of FASD is the need to document excessive maternal drinking during pregnancy, however maternal self-report is often unreliable creating a need for an objective biomarker. Methodology: Testing for xenobiotics in hair has been gaining popularity in recent years as a screening method for drug use because of its unique advantage of being non-invasive and providing a stable, long-term record of past and or chronic drug exposure. The recent advent of a hair test to measure excessive alcohol use, the FAEE hair test, has opened the door to exploring its use as a new diagnostic tool for FASD. The current article briefly reviews recent advances in research involving the FAEE hair test in this context. Conclusion: Recent advances in research involving the FAEE hair test suggest that FAEE hair analysis may be a powerful tool in detecting heavy alcohol use in the perinatal period and in FASD diagnosis.Key words: Foetal alcoholism spectrum disorder biomarker, FAEE, hair testing Résumé -Objectif : Le syndrome d'alcoolisation foetal (SAF) est en Amérique du Nord la première cause de handicaps neuro-cognitifs chez l'enfant. Quantifier la consommation excessive pendant la grossesse apparaît crucial pour le diagnostic du SAF, cependant l'information fournie par la mère elle-même apparaît souvent peu fiable, et rend né-cessaire le recours à un marqueur biologique fiable. Méthodes : La recherche de xénobiotiques dans les cheveux s'est généralisée, ces dernières années, pour détecter l'usage de produits toxiques : elle présente l'avantage de ne pas être traumatique, tout en informant de façon continue, sur de longues périodes quant à l'exposition passée ou chronique à des xénobiotiques. L'arrivée récente d'un test capillaire pour évaluer la consommation excessive d'alcool -recherche et dosage des FAAE -a posé la question de son utilisation comme nouvel outil de diagnostic du SAF. Le présent article passe en revue les avancées récentes concernant l'utilisation du test FAAE dans ce contexte. Conclusion : Les recherches relatives au test FAAE montrent que l'analyse des cheveux par ce test peut se révéler un outil puissant pour détecter la consommation d'alcool à hautes doses en période prénatale, et peut être utilisé pour le dépistage du SAF.

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“…It was shown that false positive results may originate from frequent treatment with ethanol containing hair lotions [11,12]. No effect of pigmentation on FAEE concentration in hair was found [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%