The Effect of Fermented Lingonberry Juice onCandida glabrataIntracellular Protein Expression

Abstract

Lingonberries have a long traditional use in treating fungal infections on mucosal membranes, but very little is known about the exact antifungal mechanisms. We tested the effects of fermented lingonberry juice on Candida glabrata intracellular protein expression. A Candida glabrata clinical strain was grown in the presence of fermented lingonberry juice (FLJ). Also the effect of lowered pH was tested. Intracellular protein expression levels were analyzed by the 2D-DIGE method. Six proteins detected with ≥1.5-fold lowered expression levels from FLJ treated cells were further characterized with LC-MS/MS. Heat shock protein 9/12 and redoxin were identified with peptide coverage/scores of 68/129 and 21/26, respectively. Heat shock protein 9/12 had an oxidized methionine at position 56. We found no differences in protein expression levels at pH 3.5 compared to pH 7.6. These results demonstrate that FLJ exerts an intracellular stress response in Candida glabrata, plausibly impairing its ability to express proteins related to oxidative stress or maintaining cell wall integrity.

Lingonberries—General and Oral Effects on the Microbiome and Inflammation

“…Lingonberry polyphenols have also been proposed to act as antivirals [39], and in this regard, lingonberries have been shown to possess in vitro antiviral activity [40]. Other studies have also reported lingonberry's antibacterial and antifungal activities: inhibition of growth of Candida, S. mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, S. aureus, Salmonella enterica sv Typhimurium, S. epidermidis, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, antiaggregation of S. mutans with Fusobacterium nucleatum or Actinomyces naeslundii, anti-adhesiveness of Neisseria meningitidis or oral streptococci in biofilm formation, and binding activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus suis to berries and juices [36,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. No effects of lingonberries on lactobacilli have been found in any of these studies.…”

Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) Fruit as a Source of Bioactive Compounds with Health-Promoting Effects—A Review

“…They found that FLJ affects the intracellular stress response in C. glabrata , impairing its ability to express proteins related to oxidative stress or maintaining cell wall integrity. FLJ, through reduced energy supplies involved in the pathological and excessive biofilm accumulation, decreased the pro-pathogenic potential of C. glabrata [ 54 ].…”

Fermented lingonberry juice's effects on active MMP‐8 (aMMP‐8), bleeding on probing (BOP), and visible plaque index (VPI) in dental implants—A clinical pilot mouthwash study

“…According to certain studies, lingonberry polyphenols appear to have anti‐inflammatory properties (Kivimäki et al, 2014 ; Nile & Park, 2014 ; Yahfoufi et al, 2018 ) and antimicrobial effects (Kylli et al, 2011 ; Tian et al, 2018 ). Fermented lingonberry juice (FLJ) inhibits in vitro Candida glabrata stress‐ and energy metabolism‐related intracellular protein expression (Pärnänen et al, 2017 ) and the growth of periodontopathogens Candida and Streptococcus mutans . Additionally, it reduces dental plaque (visual plaque index, VPI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and active matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (aMMP‐8) levels, as demonstrated in an in vivo human study (Pärnänen et al, 2019 ).…”