Lingonberries—General and Oral Effects on the Microbiome and Inflammation

Pärnänen, Pirjo; Lähteenmäki, Hanna; Tervahartiala, Taina; Räisänen, Ismo T.; Sorsa, Timo

doi:10.3390/nu13113738

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Lingonberries are known to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. 36 Clinical human trials have shown beneficial effects of FLJ on salivary parameters and reducing xerostomia, 37 and potential inhibition of plaque levels, bleeding on probing, and inflammation in dental implants. 38…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lingonberries are low-bush wild berries, which grow in the northern hemisphere and several in vitro studies have shown that their phenolic substances have anti-inflammatory, 13 antimicrobial, 14 and antioxidative effects. 15 Our previous studies with fermented lingonberry juice (FLJ) specially designed for safe oral use 16 showed that it has beneficial oral antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in a 2-week in vivo human pilot study. 17 Active matrix metalloprotease-8 (aMMP-8) chair-side point-of-care mouthrinse test has proven to be suitable to measure periodontal inflammation levels, and implemented as a biomarker in the new staging- and grading-classification of periodontal disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Oral Effects of Fermented Lingonberry Juice—A One-Year Prospective Human Intervention Study

et al. 2023

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Objectives A 1-year prospective human intervention study was performed to examine the anticaries, anti-inflammatory, antiproteolytic, and antimicrobial effects of fermented lingonberry juice (FLJ), used as a mouthwash for a period of 6 months, followed by a 6-month washout period. Materials and Methods Twenty-five adults were recruited from private dental clinics in Helsinki and Joensuu (Finland). Standard oral examinations and sample gatherings were performed at base level, 6 months, and 1 year for oral Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Candida, and Lactobacilli levels, and active matrix metalloprotease-8 (aMMP-8) levels, and for decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT), decayed, missing filled surfaces (DMFS) and decayed surfaces (DS) indexes, and probing pocket depths (PPDs), bleeding on probing (BOP), and visible plaque index (VPI). FLJ was used by the participants once daily for 30 seconds for 6 months. FLJ contains 0.212% (w/v) polyphenols, 3% (w/ v) sugars, and contains no excipients. Ten milliliters of FLJ were equal to 1 dL of lingonberry juice. Statistical Analysis Statistical analyses were performed with nonparametric Friedman's test and pairwise post-hoc analysis with Dunn-Bonferroni test, SPSS (version 27; IBM) and p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The levels of S. mutans and Candida counts, DS, BOP, and VPI decreased significantly (p < 0.05) during the FLJ period. Lactobacilli counts increased significantly, while there was also significant difference in aMMP-8 levels, DMFT, and DMFS between the three measurement points. PPDs were not affected. Conclusions The specially formulated FLJ may have a positive decreasing effect on S. mutans, and Candida counts as well as decrease low-grade inflammation and proteolytic burden in the oral mucosa and periodontal tissues. The beneficial effects to the oral cavity of FLJ mouthwash may be useful among patients with oral diseases, such as dental caries, periodontitis and candidosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Oral Effects of Fermented Lingonberry Juice—A One-Year Prospective Human Intervention Study

et al. 2023

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“…Our experimental material lingonberry ( Figure 1 ) is a red berry, also known as mountain cranberry, cowberry. Sweet and sour taste, leaves and fruits can treat urethritis, cystitis, enteritis, dysentery and other diseases ( Kowalska, 2021 ; Parnanen et al, 2021 ; Rohrl et al, 2021 ). These berries are mainly developed and utilized in the United States and European countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) Interact With Lachnum pygmaeum to Mitigate Drought and Promote Growth

et al. 2022

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The application of Ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) fungi is considered to be an important strategy for increasing plant yield and drought resistance. In this study, we isolated and identified two ErM fungi that can promote the growth of lingonberry. We tried to understand the potential of these two ErM fungi to promote the growth of lingonberry and the strategies to help plants cope with water shortage. The use value of ErM fungi was evaluated by inoculating Oidiodendron maius FC (OmFC) or Lachnum pygmaeum ZL6 (LpZL6), well-watered (WW) and severe drought stress (SDS). The results showed that the mycelium of LpZL6 was denser than that of OmFC, and both ErM fungi significantly increased the biomass of lingonberry stems and roots. They also significantly increased the chlorophyll content by 65.6 and 97.8%, respectively. In addition, inoculation with LpZL6 fungi can improve drought resistance, promote root growth and increase root wet weight by 1157.6%. Drought reduced the chlorophyll content and soluble sugar content of lingonberry but increased significantly after inoculation with LpZL6. Inoculation with LpZL6 decreased lingonberry’s malondialdehyde (MDA) content but increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Overall, these results indicated that the successful coexistence of ErM fungi and lingonberry alleviated the adverse effects of drought stress through higher secondary metabolites and photosynthetic pigment synthesis.

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“…Lingonberries are known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant (radical oxygen scavenging), antiproteolytic, and antimicrobial properties (Pärnänen et al, 2021). FLJ does not inhibit Lactobacilli growth, and according to Cereda et al (2018), probiotic Lactobacilli have also been…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FLJ appears to be a promising and safe aid in oral home care for reducing plaque levels, gingival bleeding, and inflammation around dental implants and throughout the mouth. Lingonberries are known to have anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant (radical oxygen scavenging), antiproteolytic, and antimicrobial properties (Pärnänen et al, 2021 ). FLJ does not inhibit Lactobacilli growth, and according to Cereda et al ( 2018 ), probiotic Lactobacilli have also been proposed to have beneficial effects on chemoradiotherapy‐related oral mucositis and peri‐implant mucositis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermented lingonberry juice's effects on active MMP‐8 (aMMP‐8), bleeding on probing (BOP), and visible plaque index (VPI) in dental implants—A clinical pilot mouthwash study

Lähteenmäki

Tervahartiala

Räisänen

et al. 2022

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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Objectives We aimed to study the effects of fermented lingonberry juice (FLJ) as a mouthwash on the levels of active matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (aMMP‐8) in peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF), bleeding on probing (BOP), and visible plaque index (VPI). We hypothesized that FLJ rinsing could reduce inflammation (aMMP‐8 and BOP) and microbial load (VPI) in the oral cavity, especially around dental implants. Materials and Methods A clinical pilot study was performed using FLJ as a mouthwash. The inclusion criteria were at least one dental implant in the anterior or posterior areas with a screw‐retained crown. Ten participants used 10 ml of mouthwash twice a day for 15 days, and 10 participants served as the control group. Point‐of‐care tests (POCTs) were used to measure aMMP‐8 levels in the PISF, and BOP and VPI were recorded at the beginning of the trial and after 15 and 30 days. Results The FLJ mouthwash had a reductive effect on aMMP‐8, VPI, and BOP in the mouthwash group; however, there was no significant difference compared to the control group. The difference in VPI and BOP levels between the groups diminished after the lingonberry regimen ended. The decrease in aMMP‐8 levels appeared to continue even after discontinuation of the mouthwash regimen. Conclusion The reduction in the amount of plaque, aMMP‐8, and BOP by FLJ was promising and continuous considering the relatively short study period and sample size. FLJ is a natural and safe supplement for oral and dental implant home care. Further studies are required to verify these promising results.

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Lingonberries—General and Oral Effects on the Microbiome and Inflammation

Cited by 14 publications

References 72 publications

Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Oral Effects of Fermented Lingonberry Juice—A One-Year Prospective Human Intervention Study

Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Oral Effects of Fermented Lingonberry Juice—A One-Year Prospective Human Intervention Study

Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) Interact With Lachnum pygmaeum to Mitigate Drought and Promote Growth

Fermented lingonberry juice's effects on active MMP‐8 (aMMP‐8), bleeding on probing (BOP), and visible plaque index (VPI) in dental implants—A clinical pilot mouthwash study

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