The Effect of Fermentation Method, Microbes Inoculation and Carbon Source Proportion on the Quality of Organic Fertilizer Made From Liquid Wastes of Chicken Slaughterhouse

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh cara fermentasi, inokulasi mikroba, dan proporsi sumber karbon terhadap kualitas pupuk organik dari limbah cair yang diperoleh dari rumah pemotongan ayam di wilayah Jakarta. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah meliputi cara fermentasi, inokulasi mikroba dan proporsi sumber karbon. Pengamatan dilakukan setelah fermentasi berjalan selama tiga minggu, meliputi warna, aroma, kandungan unsur-unsur C, NH 4 , NO 3 , total-N, P 2 O 5 , K 2 O dan kandungan mikroba pathogen (Fusarium sp., Coletotrichum sp., Salmonella sp., and Eschericia coli). Pupuk yang dihasilkan diujicobakan pada tanaman Caisin pada enam lokasi yang berbeda. Diperoleh hasil bahwa sistem fermentasi aerobik yang disertai inokulasi mikroba pengurai (Lactobacillus spp.) dan penambahan bahan sumber karbon sebanyak 20% (v/v) merupakan metoda fermentasi yang terbaik dalam menghasilkan pupuk organik cair yang dibuat dari limbah cair rumah pemotongan ayam. Namun demikian, respon tanaman Caisin terhadap pupuk hasil fermentasi nyata lebih rendah dibandingkan pupuk sejenis yang telah dikomersialkan (EM4). Kandungan nitrogen dan fosfor dari pupuk cair ini (92.000 ppm dan 143.000 ppm) nyata lebih tinggi (P<0.05) daripada kandungan pada EM4 (0,07 ppm dan 3,22 ppm). ABSTRACTThis study was to examine the effect of fermentation, inoculation, and the proportion of carbon sources on the quality of organic fertilizer made from fermentation of liquid waste collected from chicken slaughterhouse in Jakarta area. The parameters being tested included fermentation, microbial inoculation, and carbon source proportion. The observations were made after three weeks of fermentation on the color, odor, pH, contents of elements C, NH4, NO3, total-N, P2O5, K2O and pathogenic microbes (Fusarium sp., Coletotrichum sp., Salmonella sp. and Eschercia coli). The fertilizer were implemented for green chinese cabbage in six locations. It was found that the aerobic fermentation system combined with inoculation of the decomposer microbes (Lactobacillus spp.) and the addition 20% (v/v) of a carbon source was the most appropriate method of fermentation in the production of liquid organic fertilizers from liquid waste of chicken slaughterhouse. The quality of the fertilizer which is based on physical, chemical and biological characteristics and crop responses still less than the similar commercial fertilizer (EM4). Nevertheless, the nitrogen and phosphor contents of this liquid fertilizer (92,000 ppm and 143,000 ppm) were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the EM4 (0.07 and 3.22 ppm).

The Effect of Young Coconut Husk on the Quality of Goat Manure-Chicken Excreta Bioculture

“…Five treatments were carried out based on coconut husk addition (0; 0.65; 1.25; 2.5; 5% by mass of young coconut husk compare to the solid waste). Fermentation is done for 3 weeks in anaerobic conditions (Sastro et al, 2013), the anaerobic method was chosen because of its simplicity than aerobic, and based on previous research the type of fermentation (aerobic or anaerobic) does not significantly affect the quality of the bioculture (Fitriyanto et al, 2019). Fermentation is carried out in a tightly closed (20 liter) plastic container, to ensure anaerobic conditions, the stirrer/sampling hole (Ø 2 inch PVC pipe) is made half immersed in the bioculture solution and there is a check valve to remove the fermentation gas.…”

EVALUACIÓN DE FITOTOXICIDAD Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE UN FERTILIZANTE LÍQUIDO ELABORADO MEDIANTE FERMENTACIÓN LÁCTICA UTILIZANDO SUBPRODUCTOS DEL PROCESAMIENTO DE TRUCHA (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

“…(Holguín et al, 2009). La adición de 20% de melaza fue suficiente para obtener un FL con buen olor y color marrón oscuro (Sastro et al, 2013). Aranganathan & Rajasree (2016) elaboraron un FL con olor agradable, agregando 10% de melaza y Bacillus subtilis en la fermentación de residuos de pescado de la familia Cupleidae.…”

“…Por lo tanto, una limpieza y almacenamiento inadecuado puede ser fuente de contaminación de E. coli. La adición de 20% de melaza a un sustrato con y sin inóculo (tanto para un sistema anaerobio como aerobio), garantiza la ausencia de E. coli, Salmonella y orugas (Sastro et al, 2013). Al respecto, el Real Decreto 506/2013 señala que el contenido de microorganismos para fertilizantes de origen orgánico debe ser menor a 1 000 NMP/g de producto elaborado para Escherichia coli, además la Salmonella debe estar ausente en 25 g de producto elaborado.…”

“…en el FLVT fue de 1x10 7 UFC/ml, mientras que, en el ensilado de subproductos de pescado, Berenz (1997) reporta 4.5x10 9 UFC/g al segundo día y decreció a 3.5x10 8 UFC/g transcurrido el tercer mes. Sastro et al (2013) señalan que un FL elaborado vía fermentación biológica contiene 8.7x10 6 UFC/ml. Al respecto Ito (2006) indica que la correlación entre el Lactobacillus sp.…”

Selection of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Packaging by Applying the Concept of Reverse Logistics Using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) Method

“…Liquid waste from the activities at a chicken slaughterhouse consists of blood and wastewater from the washing process of the meat, gizzards, and intestinal contents. The total waste generated from these 1,153 chicken slaughterhouses around Jakarta might reach 43.2 tons of solid waste and 63 tons of liquid waste per day [2].…”