The Effect of Feeding Isopropanol Extracted Cottonseed Meal on the Storage Quality of Eggs

Kuiken, K. A.; Lyman, Carl M.; Hale, Fred

doi:10.3382/ps.0270742

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Because direct solvent extraction of flakes has been essentially replaced by solvent extraction of expanded collets, it can be expected that meals from an efficiently run expander operation, once treated with either ethanol vapor or ferrous sulfate and ethanol vapor, could be used freely and safely as ideal ingredients for a large number of nonruminant animal feeds. It has been reported previously that when cottonseed meal treated with isopropanol was fed to poultry layers, it was a highly nutritive meal (8) and did not result in egg discoloration upon storage (9). Similar results would be expected with ethanol.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 82%

Ethanol vapor deactivation of gossypol in cottonseed meal

Hron¹,

Wan²,

Kuk³

1996

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Most cottonseed cultivars contain gossypol, a polyphenolic antinutritional compound. “Free” gossypol is a physiologically active form of gossypol, which is toxic to young‐ and nonruminant animals. To utilize solvent‐extracted cottonseed meal as a general feed, gossypol must be either removed or deactivated to a minimum level specified for each class of animal. Normally, deactivation is carried out prior to oil extraction; however, the desired level of deactivation is not always attained. A new supplemental method of deactivation has been found by using either ethanol or isopropanol vapors on solventextracted meal. In a bench‐top set‐up, ethanol vapor reduced free gossypol from 0.115 to 0.053%, and a further reduction to 0.026% has been observed with the addition of ferrous sulfate. The supplemental deactivation method can, in most cases, reduce free gossypol to significantly safer levels for feeding, thus increasing utility, and possibly demand, for cottonseed meal as a general animal feed protein source.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 82%

Ethanol vapor deactivation of gossypol in cottonseed meal

Hron¹,

Wan²,

Kuk³

1996

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…Although pink whites have been reported in cold stored eggs from hens fed rations devoid of cottonseed products (Schaible et al, 1946), rations containing fatty acids, oil, meats or meal produced from cottonseed have been shown to accelerate the condition (Sherwood, 1928(Sherwood, , 1931Heywang, 1947Heywang, , 1957bKuiken et al, 1948;Heywang et al. 1949Stephenson and Smith, 1952;Fletcher et al, 1953;Shenstone and Vickery, 1959;Heywang and Lowe, 1959;Frampton et al, , 1962Deutschman et al, 1961 ;Kemmerer et al, 1962Kemmerer et al, , 1963Pepper et al, 1962;Vavich, 1965a, 1965b;Kemmerer and Heywang, 1965).…”

Section: A Pink White Discoloration Of Eggs and Associated Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heywang and Vavich (1965a) have pointed out, however, that it may be necessary to consider "bound" lipids in cottonseed meal when arriving at the maximum permissible level. It seems likely that additional research will show how published methods for inactivating or removing cyclopropenoid compounds in cottonseed meal (Kuiken et al, 1948;Deutschman et al, 1961) can be applied to commercial operations.…”

Section: A Pink White Discoloration Of Eggs and Associated Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In future years, cottonseed meals free of cyclopropenoid fatty acids may be produced by application of presently existing techniques (Kuiken et al, 1948;Deutschman et al, 1961 ;Heywang and Vavich, 1965a) or by new processing methods. Cottonseed free of gossypol is being developed and the meals produced from the glandless seed have given encouraging results with both layers Vavich, 1965a, 1965b;Heywang et al, 1965) and chicks (Johnston and Watts.…”

Section: Prediction Of Olive Yolk Discolorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cottonseed Meal for Poultry: from Research to Practical Application

Phelps

1966

World's Poultry Science Journal

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This review is dedicated to M i . Burt W. Heywang, Superintendent of the Southwest Poultry Experiment Station, Glendale. Arizona. For almost three decades Burt and his associates have enriched the scienific world with a vast amount of data relating to utilization of cottonseed products. This unobtrusive man is admired by all who have known him for his devotion to scientific integrity and thoroughness.

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“…were not discolored. Carruth (1947) and Kuiken et al (1948) stated that bound gossypol did not influence egg discoloration. Kemmerer et al (1962) indicated that eggs from hens fed a diet with a free gossypol level of 40 p.p.m.…”

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confidence: 97%

Tolerance Levels of Free Gossypol in Layer Diets as Influenced by Iron: Gossypol Ratios

Waldeoup

Goodner

1973

Poultry Science

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Studies were conducted with commercial egg production-type hens to attempt to more closely define the levels of gossypol which could be acceptable and to determine the effectiveness of iron salts in reducing or eliminating the gossypol-induced olive yolk discoloration over a wide range of gossypol levels.Rate of egg production, egg weight, interior egg quality and feed intake were not significantly depressed at dietary free gossypol levels up to 200 p.p.m. However, dietary levels greater than SO p.p.m. produced an increasing number of objectionable olive colored yolks. The addition of ferrous sulfate at 4:1 and 8:1 iron: gossypol ratios were fairly effective in eliminating the number of objectionable eggs up to 100 p.p.m. free gossypol but less effective at higher gossypol levels. ABSTRACTChicken pieces, which had been breaded and precooked under pressure in corn oil and frozen, were reheated in a microwave oven and evaluated for acceptability. The pieces were dipped in an egg wash, breaded, browned and cooked at 1.05 Kg./cm. 2 for 9.S min. Cooked pieces were frozen using air blast (-37°C), nitrogen (-57°C.) or Freon®-12 (-43°C.), packaged in polyethylene bags and stored at -18°C. for periods up to six months. Some samples were subjected to fluctuating storage temperatures. After storage, the chicken was reheated for l.S to 2.0 min. per piece or 1 min. per 100 g. and evaluated by a taste panel.Microwave energy provided a rapid method for thawing and reheating precooked and frozen chicken. Optimum reheating time for the oven used was 1 min. per 100 g. product. Products remained acceptable for more than four months when stored under constant -18°C. temperatures.Rapid freezing rates (nitrogen vapor, Freon®-12) did not increase acceptability of product over that frozen in air at -37°C.

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The Effect of Feeding Isopropanol Extracted Cottonseed Meal on the Storage Quality of Eggs

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Ethanol vapor deactivation of gossypol in cottonseed meal

Ethanol vapor deactivation of gossypol in cottonseed meal

Cottonseed Meal for Poultry: from Research to Practical Application

Tolerance Levels of Free Gossypol in Layer Diets as Influenced by Iron: Gossypol Ratios

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