The effect of drop height on bruising of selected apple varieties

Stropek, Zbigniew; Gołacki, Krzysztof

doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.06.002

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Thus, the tissue toughness and stiffness increased with the increasing strain rate. An increase of the peak force response and maximum acceleration with the increase of drop height under the impact loading conditions was also observed in apples (Lu and Wang, 2007;Stropek and Gołacki, 2013), peaches (Brusewitz et al, 1991;Maness et al, 1992;Zhang and Brusewitz, 1991) and kiwi fruits (Mc Glone et al, 1997). The residual force was recorded at the end of the experiment, therefore, it described the material condition after the strain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Viscoelastic response of apple flesh in a wide range of mechanical loading rates

Stropek¹,

Gołacki²

2018

International Agrophysics

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The cylindrical samples of ‘Beni Shogun’ apples cultivar in a range of deformation velocities from 0.0002 to 1 m s−1 were studied using stress relaxation tests. In the work, experimental courses of the force response were described via the Maxwell model, and the effects of deformation velocity on the Maxwell model parameters as well as the maximum and residual force were determined. The maximum force increased with the increase of the deformation velocity, which proved the response of apple flesh to be of viscoelastic nature. The residual force described the state of the material after the strain and was much higher under the quasi-static than impact loading conditions. The three relaxation times decreased with the increasing deformation velocity. For the shortest relaxation time (order of magnitude 0.1 s) there was a rapid decrease in the velocities under the quasi-static loading conditions and it remained on a steady and low level under the impact loading conditions. A definite limit was observed between the medium relaxation time (order of magnitude 1 s) for the lowest deformation velocity of 0.0002 m s−1 and the other relaxation times obtained at higher deformation velocities. The values of the longest relaxation time (order of magnitude 100 s) were much larger under the quasi-static than the impact loading conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Viscoelastic response of apple flesh in a wide range of mechanical loading rates

Stropek¹,

Gołacki²

2018

International Agrophysics

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“…There is an interesting question how this value determined for the cylindrical samples of apples is similar to the same parameter defined for the whole fruit. In the article, [29] the authors studied strength parameters under impact conditions of whole fruits for the "Freedom," "Rubin," and "Rajka" apple varieties. Another way of presentation of the obtained results in that article showed the linear relationship between the maximum force response and the bruise surface area of whole fruits in the 0.125-1.66 ms -1 range of the impact velocity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological Aspects of Determining Apple Mechanical Properties During Impact

Stropek

Gołacki

2015

International Journal of Food Properties

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The influence of cylindrical sizes of samples and velocity of impact on its course and strength parameters for the "Braeburn" variety apples was studied. Three sample lengths of 17, 19, and 21 mm, three diameters of 10, 15, and 20 mm and four impact velocities of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 ms-1 were applied. Failure stress and strain, impact energy, absorbed energy as well as tissue stiffness and toughness were determined as dependent variables. The influence of the sample diameter on maximum force response, impact energy, absorbed energy, and tissue stiffness was studied. The other independent variables: Sample length and impact velocity did not show significant influence on the strength parameters of the apple tissue. The shock wave speed in the apple tissue was independent of both sample sizes and impact velocity. Its mean value amounted to 292 ms-1. Under the experimental conditions the mean value of the absorbed energy contribution to the impact energy amounted to 9.9%. The experiment confirmed importance of a critical stress criterion as regards cylindrical samples of apples under impact conditions.

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“…Based on this, the largest damaged area of potato slice was selected and then its radii of large and small ellipse axes were, respectively, measured. Finally, the largest damaged area of bruised potato was calculated according to the following equation (Stropek & Golacki, 2013).…”

Section: Damage Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on collision acceleration and damage characteristics of potato

Xie

Wang

Deng

2020

J Food Process Engineering

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To reveal the mechanism of potato mechanical damage, this article investigated the relationships between the collision characteristics of potato and various impact parameters using potato impact test rig and acceleration acquisition system. It was noted that the potato impact test rig and acceleration acquisition system allowed simultaneously analysis of the three indexes: maximum acceleration, minimum acceleration, and damaged area. In the experiments, the collision damaged area of potato increased with the enlarged tuber mass but decreased with the elevated temperature of potato tuber. In addition, the damaged area was the smallest during potato colliding with 65Mn‐Rubber (10 mm diameter 65Mn steel rod wrapped in 2 mm rubber) compared with other two materials. With the increment of collision initial height, the maximum acceleration and damaged area increased, but the minimum acceleration changed on the basis of opposite trend. Under the experimental factor of collision initial height, the indexes of maximum acceleration and minimum acceleration were strongly correlated with damaged area of potato. That could be used to predict collision effects. Finally, the predicted mathematical model between the average value of maximum acceleration, minimum acceleration and damaged area were established as follows: S = 0.9622amax‐433.25 (R2 = 0.9601), S = −3.9587amin + 58.658 (R2 = 0.8152). Practical application Currently, there are few studies for the collision between fresh potato and rod. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of collision parameters on collision acceleration and damaged area during fresh potato colliding rod. That becomes very important for the design and development of potato processing machinery, especially harvesting machinery. To accurately predict the damage in the phase of harvesting and postharvest processes, the correlation analysis between initial height, tuber mass, tuber temperature, impact material, maximum and minimum acceleration, and damaged area are, respectively, discussed. Meantime, the corresponding mathematical models of significant parameters and damaged area are well established.

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The effect of drop height on bruising of selected apple varieties

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

Viscoelastic response of apple flesh in a wide range of mechanical loading rates

Viscoelastic response of apple flesh in a wide range of mechanical loading rates

Methodological Aspects of Determining Apple Mechanical Properties During Impact

Experimental study on collision acceleration and damage characteristics of potato

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