Methodological Aspects of Determining Apple Mechanical Properties During Impact

Stropek, Zbigniew; Gołacki, Krzysztof

doi:10.1080/10942912.2015.1063069

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The pendulum was connected with the angular displacement sensor RON 275 (Heidenhain, Traunreut, Germany) with the accuracy of 0.005°. The sensor recording inclination angle change was connected to the measuring card (SBC-68, National Instruments, Warsaw, Poland), transmitting signals to the application working in the LabView environment [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 30 ]. The right humerus was fixed with quick-drying epoxy glue in a PVC tube with an internal diameter of 15 mm and a 20 mm height.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhai et al [ 4 ] analyzed the loading rate effect on the fracture toughness of porcine bone specimens and found that the fracture initiation of cortical bone decreased as the loading rate increased. The impact of free-falling mass was well described for plant tissues [ 9 , 10 , 11 ] or engineering materials [ 12 , 13 ]. With regard to bone, there are still few studies describing the mechanical parameters under the impact loading condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Nesfatin-1 on Rat Humerus Mechanical Properties under Quasi-Static and Impact Loading Conditions

et al. 2022

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The investigations on the response of bone tissue under different loading conditions are important from clinical and engineering points of view. In this paper, the influence of nesfatin-1 administration on rat humerus mechanical properties was analyzed. The classical three-point bending and impact tests were carried out for three rat bone groups: control (SHO), the humerus of animals under the conditions of established osteopenia (OVX), and bones of rats receiving nesfatin-1 after ovariectomy (NES). The experiments proved that the bone strength parameters measured under various mechanical loading conditions increased after the nesfatin-1 administration. The OVX bones were most susceptible to deformation and had the smallest fracture toughness. The SEM images of humerus fracture surface in this group showed that ovariectomized rats had a much looser bone structure compared to the SHO and NES females. Loosening of the bone structure was also confirmed by the densitometric and qualitative EDS analysis, showing a decrease in the OVX bones’ mineral content. The samples of the NES group were characterized by the largest values of maximum force obtained under both quasi-static and impact conditions. The energies absorbed during the impact and the critical energy for fracture (from the three-point bending test) were similar for the SHO and NES groups. Statistically significant differences were observed between the mean Fi max values of all analyzed sample groups. The obtained results suggest that the impact test was more sensitive than the classical quasi-static three-point bending one. Hence, Fi max could be used as a parameter to predict bone fracture toughness.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nesfatin-1 on Rat Humerus Mechanical Properties under Quasi-Static and Impact Loading Conditions

et al. 2022

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“…A cylindrical hammer with a 3.5 kg mass and an Endevco model 2311-100 piezoelectric force sensor of 2 mV N -1 sensitivity and a measuring range of 222.5 N was installed on the end of the pendulum (Fig. 1) (Stropek and Gołacki, 2016a;Bajema et al, 1998). An identical sensor was installed in the anvil placed on the steel plate which was fixed to the concrete bearing wall of the building.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact characteristics of sugar beet root during postharvest storage

2019

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The effects of time of sugar beet root storage on the parameters determined by impact testing were studied. The 9 mm diameter and 20 mm high cylindrical samples were cut crosswise and lengthwise along the root axis. The impact velocity was 1 m s-1 and the change in the response force over time was observed at both ends of the sample. The measurements were made directly after harvesting and after 24, 48, 96 and 120 h of storage at room temperature. Failure stress and strain, impact energy, absorbed energy, Young's modulus and shock wave speed were determined in the sample tissue from the change in the response force at both ends of the sample. A drop of 40% in the average values of the energy required to damage the samples was observed during 120 h of storage. A similar dependence was found for the energy absorbed by the sample as evidenced by the greater susceptibility of the roots to impact loads. The experiment confirms the importance of critical stress criterion for cylindrical samples of sugar beet. The velocities of shock wave propagation obtained from the samples during impact were in the range of 220-384 m s-1 and were not correlated with the other experimental parameters. K e y w o r d s: sugar beet root, impact energy, absorbed energy, storage time

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“…The samples were initially compressed along the 2 mm axes and then the steady strain was maintained while recording the force response for 30 s. The assumed test time resulted from small changes of the force response after 30 s. Stress relaxation tests under the quasi-static loading conditions were applied by means of the TA.HD plus Texture Analyser at three velocities: 0.0002, 0.002, 0.02 m s -1 . The measurements under impact loading conditions were made on an impact research stand (Stropek and Gołacki, 2016a) at the velocities of: 0.25, 0.5, and 1 m s -1 . The sample deformation size amounting to 2 mm was determined from the initial destructive compression tests taken under quasi-static loading conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscoelastic response of apple flesh in a wide range of mechanical loading rates

Stropek¹,

Gołacki²

2018

International Agrophysics

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The cylindrical samples of ‘Beni Shogun’ apples cultivar in a range of deformation velocities from 0.0002 to 1 m s−1 were studied using stress relaxation tests. In the work, experimental courses of the force response were described via the Maxwell model, and the effects of deformation velocity on the Maxwell model parameters as well as the maximum and residual force were determined. The maximum force increased with the increase of the deformation velocity, which proved the response of apple flesh to be of viscoelastic nature. The residual force described the state of the material after the strain and was much higher under the quasi-static than impact loading conditions. The three relaxation times decreased with the increasing deformation velocity. For the shortest relaxation time (order of magnitude 0.1 s) there was a rapid decrease in the velocities under the quasi-static loading conditions and it remained on a steady and low level under the impact loading conditions. A definite limit was observed between the medium relaxation time (order of magnitude 1 s) for the lowest deformation velocity of 0.0002 m s−1 and the other relaxation times obtained at higher deformation velocities. The values of the longest relaxation time (order of magnitude 100 s) were much larger under the quasi-static than the impact loading conditions.

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Methodological Aspects of Determining Apple Mechanical Properties During Impact

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of Nesfatin-1 on Rat Humerus Mechanical Properties under Quasi-Static and Impact Loading Conditions

Effect of Nesfatin-1 on Rat Humerus Mechanical Properties under Quasi-Static and Impact Loading Conditions

Impact characteristics of sugar beet root during postharvest storage

Viscoelastic response of apple flesh in a wide range of mechanical loading rates

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