Glass
ceramics composed of Na2O–BaO–Bi2O3–Nb2O5–Al2O3–SiO2 (NBBN-AS) were modified
by rare-earth doping and prepared via the melt-quenching process accompanied
by controlled crystallization. High-resolution transmission electron
microscopy displayed the glassy matrix closely encompassing the nanosized
NaNbO3, Ba2NaNb5O15, BaAl2Si2O8, and AlNbO4 crystalline
grains. With rare-earth doping, the NBBN-AS glass ceramics’
theoretical energy storage density can reach 22.48 J/cm3. This excellent energy storage property is credited with increasing
breakdown strength, and numerical simulation was applied to reveal
the intrinsic mechanism for increased breakdown strength by rare-earth
doping. The charge–discharge results indicated a giant power
density of 220 MW/cm3 as well as an ultrafast discharge
speed of 11 ns. The results indicate that the glass ceramic can be
used in advanced capacitor applications.
Potatoes contain nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin B6, folic acid, potassium, iron, and magnesium (Ji et al., 2019). With an annual global output of approximately 400 million metric tons, potatoes have become one of the four major global food crops, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. They are mainly processed into various products, including frozen or dehydrated potatoes, potato chips, and potato starch (Rady et al., 2015).
A model was developed to predict the impact damage depth of potato. The model consisted of a series of differential equations derived from the force equilibrium on a differential element, which, respectively, governs the relationships among the potato collision displacement and initial collision speed, natural angular frequency of undamped system, and damping ratio. For the collision displacement of potato impact with the rod, the study used the impact test rig and acceleration acquisition system to measure the corresponding values under different experimental conditions. Combined with the determinate experimental data, the mentioned parameters of the model were obtained. According to the model, the obtained maximum value of potato collision displacement was treated as the prediction value of damage depth. The results showed both the experimental values and prediction values of potato damage depth increased with the increment of initial height, and the difference between experimental values and prediction values was less than 8.8%. To evaluate the significant factor of impact damage depth of potato, this study selected the tuber temperature, initial height, tuber mass, and impact material as experiment factors in the orthogonal tests and the order of influencing factors was found to be as follows: initial height > tuber mass > tuber temperature > impact material.
Crystallisation of proteins is usually achieved with the help of chemical agents. Because there are few general guidelines in determining what agents will help to crystallise a specific protein, suitable crystallisation agents are often found via exhaustive trial-and-error tests by mixing many chemical agents (the collection of which is called a crystallisation screening kit) one-by-one with the protein. Currently, many commercially available crystallisation screening kits have been developed and utilised in practical crystallisation screen experiments. However, information regarding the design of new screening kits has yet to be expanded using a large amount of experimental data. Here, we show the step-by-step design processes of a polyethylene glycol-based screening kit. It was found that the screening performance could be improved by modifying the crystallisation screening kits according to the accumulated data (such as those in the Biological Macromolecule Crystallisation Database (BMCD)), the screening test results and existing knowledge. The screening kit designed in this paper can be used for practical protein crystallisation screen experiments and the method can be used in the design of other crystallisation screening kits.5488 | CrystEngComm, 2015, 17, 5488-5495This journal is
To reveal the mechanism of potato mechanical damage, this article investigated the relationships between the collision characteristics of potato and various impact parameters using potato impact test rig and acceleration acquisition system. It was noted that the potato impact test rig and acceleration acquisition system allowed simultaneously analysis of the three indexes: maximum acceleration, minimum acceleration, and damaged area. In the experiments, the collision damaged area of potato increased with the enlarged tuber mass but decreased with the elevated temperature of potato tuber. In addition, the damaged area was the smallest during potato colliding with 65Mn‐Rubber (10 mm diameter 65Mn steel rod wrapped in 2 mm rubber) compared with other two materials. With the increment of collision initial height, the maximum acceleration and damaged area increased, but the minimum acceleration changed on the basis of opposite trend. Under the experimental factor of collision initial height, the indexes of maximum acceleration and minimum acceleration were strongly correlated with damaged area of potato. That could be used to predict collision effects. Finally, the predicted mathematical model between the average value of maximum acceleration, minimum acceleration and damaged area were established as follows: S = 0.9622amax‐433.25 (R2 = 0.9601), S = −3.9587amin + 58.658 (R2 = 0.8152).
Practical application
Currently, there are few studies for the collision between fresh potato and rod. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of collision parameters on collision acceleration and damaged area during fresh potato colliding rod. That becomes very important for the design and development of potato processing machinery, especially harvesting machinery. To accurately predict the damage in the phase of harvesting and postharvest processes, the correlation analysis between initial height, tuber mass, tuber temperature, impact material, maximum and minimum acceleration, and damaged area are, respectively, discussed. Meantime, the corresponding mathematical models of significant parameters and damaged area are well established.
This paper presents a modification to the conventional vapor diffusion (hanging‐ or sitting‐drop) technique for protein crystallization screening. In this modified method, the reservoir solution is replaced with a desiccant to allow for a larger range of protein solution concentrations, thereby providing more opportunities for crystal formation. This method was tested in both reproducibility and screening studies, and the results showed that it significantly improves the efficiency and reduces the cost of protein crystallization screens.
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