The Effect of DDT on Mite and Predator Populations in Apple Orchards

An ecological study of the spider miteOligonychus punicae(Hirst) and its natural enemies

“…It has long been recognized that the species of Stethorus require relatively high densities of prey for reproduction (Clancy and Pollard, 1952;Fleschner, 1958;Putman, 1955;Putman and Herne, 1958). The lowest mite density at which S. picipes was observed to begin reproducing rapidly was somewhat below 100 adult females per 10 leaves at the Morro Hills orchard in 1964 ( fig.…”

Baseline toxicity of several pesticides to Hyaliodes vitripennis (Say) (Hemiptera: Miridae)

“…In apple orchards, the greatest impact of pesticides on non‐targets occurs in summer, because several predators attain maximum abundance at that time 4. 5 Clancy and Pollard6 reported that DDT suppressed H vitripennis populations for 5–6 weeks after treatment and that H vitripennis and H hartii (Knight) were more numerous in orchard plots treated with lead arsenate than in those treated with DDT 7. In Pennsylvania, pyrethroids were less toxic to H vitripennis than was azinphos‐methyl 8.…”

Ecology of tetranychid mites and their natural enemies: A review: II. Tetranychid populations and their possible control by predators: An evaluation

“…Support for this hypothesis includes, for Panonychus ulmi, Tetranychus urticae and/or T. telarius, and other species, on apple: Austria (Dosse, 1961a); Canada (Lord, 1949;Herbert, 1953;Lord, Herbert, and MacPhee, 1958;Lord and Stewart, 1961); England (Massee, 1958;Collyer, 1964aj Muir, 1965a; Germany (Andersen, 1947;Dosse, 1956Dosse, , 1960Berker, 1956Berker, , 1958; Japan (Hukusima, Tsugawa, and Taneichi, 1958) ;Lebanon (Dosse, 1967) ; The Netherlands (Kuenen, 1947;van de Vrie and Kropezyriska, 1965;Kropczynska and van de Vrie, 1965); New Zealand (Collyer, 1964d); Poland (Wiackowski and Suski, 1962;Niemczyk and Wiackowski, 1965;Niemczyk, 1966a,b); Switzerland (Giinthart and Clausen, 1959); United States (L. F. Steiner, Arnold, and Summerland, 1944;Steiner, Summerland, and Fahey, 1946;Clancy and Pollard, 1952;Clancy and McAlister, 1958;Snetsinger, 1959); for Bryobia redikorzevi Reck and Tetranuchu« crataegi Hirst on apple (Begljarov, 1957); and for various species:…”