The effect of crosslinking on the formation of glasslike carbons from thermosetting resins

Fitzer, E.; Schafer, W.R.

doi:10.1016/0008-6223(70)90075-8

Cited by 188 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Structure shrinkage has been previously shown to depend on various factors including the type of polymer used as a carbon precursor [26] and amount of cross-linkage in the polymer matrix [27]. The results obtained here when pyrolyzing SU-8 pillars show a shrinkage percentage that is highly dependant on the initial dimensions of the pillars.…”

Section: Shrinkage Of Su-8 Structures During Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 67%

A novel approach to dielectrophoresis using carbon electrodes

2011

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Carbon-electrode dielectrophoresis (carbon-DEP) is demonstrated here as an alternative to more traditional DEP techniques. Carbon-DEP combines advantages of metal-electrode and insulator-based DEP by using low-cost fabrication techniques and low voltages for particle manipulation. The use of 3-D electrodes is proved to yield significant advantages over the use of traditional planar electrodes. This paper details the fabrication of dense arrays of tall high aspect ratio carbon electrodes on a transparent fused-silica substrate. The shrinkage of the SU-8 structures during carbonization is characterized and a design tool for future devices is provided. Applications of carbon electrodes in DEP are then detailed and include particle positioning, high-throughput filtering and cell focusing using positive-DEP. Manipulated cells include Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster. The advantages and disadvantages of carbon-DEP are discussed at the end of this work.

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Section: Shrinkage Of Su-8 Structures During Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 67%

A novel approach to dielectrophoresis using carbon electrodes

2011

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“…For example, phenol-formaldehyde, polyfurfuryl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol have the highest yields, with approximately 50% carbon. The amount of cross-linkage in the polymer matrix has also been shown to play a role in shrinkage [54].…”

Section: Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

SU-8 Photolithography as a Toolbox for Carbon MEMS

Martínez-Duarte

2014

Micromachines

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Abstract:The use of SU-8 as precursor for glass-like carbon, or glassy carbon, is presented here. SU-8 carbonizes when subject to high temperature under inert atmosphere. Although epoxy-based precursors can be patterned in a variety of ways, photolithography is chosen due to its resolution and reproducibility. Here, a number of improvements to traditional photolithography are introduced to increase the versatility of the process. The shrinkage of SU-8 during carbonization is then detailed as one of the guidelines necessary to design carbon patterns. A couple of applications-(1) carbon-electrode dielectrophoresis for bioparticle manipulation; and (2) the use of carbon structures as micro-molds are also presented.

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“…Meanwhile, these asubstituted furfurylamine intermediates can also be (160 ppm in 15 N spectra) becomes stronger after curing to 205ЊC [ Fig. 4(C) and (G)] compared to thermally decomposed to generate the methylene linkages as shown in Scheme 1 (3). that cured to 135ЊC [ Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…2, 3 A detailed understanding of the curing mechanism is fundamental linking at the methylene linkages 4,10 and/or at the 3-or 4-C of the furan rings 8 via reactions in to modification of the chemical structures of the crosslinked resins and extending the applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The reaction of furfuryl alcohol resins with hexamethylenetetramine: A13C and15N high-resolution solid-state NMR study

Zhang¹

1997

J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys.

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The reactions between furfuryl alcohol (FA)/poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) have been studied by 13C and 15N high‐resolution solid‐state NMR techniques. Highly crosslinked polymer networks similar to those obtained from the thermal curing of FA resins under acidic condition are formed. Possible reaction pathways are postulated on the basis of changes of chemical structures during the curing; α‐substituted furfurylamines are shown to be the initial intermediates. Their further reactions with FA/PFA, together with thermal decomposition, produce methylene linkages between furan rings, resulting in chain extension and crosslinking, which occurs at both the methylene linkages and the 3‐ or 4‐C of furan rings. Various side‐products such as amines, imines, amides, imides, and nitriles are also formed during the reactions, and some of these can remain in the resins up to 205°C. The crosslinked network can be heterogeneous with different structures on nanometer scales when higher oligomers of FA resins react with HMTA. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 2233–2243, 1997

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The effect of crosslinking on the formation of glasslike carbons from thermosetting resins

Cited by 188 publications

References 7 publications

A novel approach to dielectrophoresis using carbon electrodes

A novel approach to dielectrophoresis using carbon electrodes

SU-8 Photolithography as a Toolbox for Carbon MEMS

The reaction of furfuryl alcohol resins with hexamethylenetetramine: A13C and15N high-resolution solid-state NMR study

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