The reaction of furfuryl alcohol resins with hexamethylenetetramine: A13C and15N high-resolution solid-state NMR study

Zhang, Xiaoqing

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(199710)35:14<2233::aid-polb4>3.0.co;2-x

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…S4). 44,58 FTIR and solid 13 C NMR spectroscopies were used to study the relative abundance of methylene and methylene ether groups and thus determine whether the use of a protic DES (rather than acidic water as solvent) had any influence on polycondensation (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon–GO Composites with Preferential Water versus Ethanol Uptake

Guan¹,

Patiño²,

Cuadrado-Collados

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The elimination of tiny amounts of water from alcohols is by no means a trivial issue in many practical applications like, for instance, the dehumidification of biocombustibles. The use of carbonaceous materials as sorbents has been far less explored than that of other materials because their hydrophobic character has typically limited their water uptake. Herein, we designed a synthetic process based on the use of eutectic mixtures that allowed the homogeneous dispersion of graphene oxide (GO) in the liquid containing the carbon precursor-e.g., furfuryl alcohol. Thus, after polymerization and a subsequent carbonization process, we were able to obtain porous carbon-GO composites where the combination of pore diameter and surface area hydrophilicity provided a remarkable capacity for water uptake but extremely low methanol and ethanol uptakes along the entire range of relative pressures evaluated in this work. Both the neat water uptake and the uptake difference between water and both methanol and ethanol of our carbon-GO composites were similar or eventually better that uptakes previously reported for other materials also exhibiting preferential water-to-alcohol adsorption-e.g., porous coordination polymers, MOFs, polyoxometalates, and covalent 2D nanosheets embedded in a polymer matrix. Moreover, water versus alcohol uptakes were particularly remarkable at low partial pressures in our carbon-GO composites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon–GO Composites with Preferential Water versus Ethanol Uptake

Guan¹,

Patiño²,

Cuadrado-Collados

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…This conjugated structure not only causes a discoloration from the transparent yellow of FA to the dark brown of an oligomer/polymer, but can also act as an essential precursor to various cross‐links such as Diels–Alder reaction products and branched sequences 15–18 . The existence of these cross‐links has been verified mainly through solid‐state 13 C‐NMR, Raman, and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopies 19–23 . As a result of the above‐mentioned reaction, a rigid network polymer is built up.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15][16][17][18] The existence of these cross-links has been verified mainly through solid-state 13 C-NMR, Raman, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies. [19][20][21][22][23] As a result of the above-mentioned reaction, a rigid network polymer is built up.…”

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confidence: 99%

The activation of furfuryl alcohol polymerization by oxygen and its enhanced mechanical properties

Shibutani

Nakai

Aphichartsuphapkhajorn

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The effect of oxygen and additional oxygen providers on furfuryl alcohol polymerization was investigated through chemical analyses and mechanical evaluation. NMR, UV–vis, Fourier transform infrared, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) results suggested that atmospheric oxygen and the further addition of an oxygen source functioned as an activator for the entire network polymerization. Interestingly, the construction of a conjugated structure on the furan linear chain, which is key to three‐dimensional cross‐linking, also appears to be accelerated in the presence of oxygen. Furthermore, the introduction of oxygen providers into the curing system successfully enhanced the mechanical properties of the cured furan resin.

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“…Many studies have been undertaken to develop thermoplastic and thermosetting polymer composites with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as the reinforcing element [5,6] . According to the literature [7][8][9][10] , by introducing small amounts of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of composite materials can be improved. However, it is generally known that CNTs are not compatible with most solvents available on the market because of the chemical inertness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature [7][8][9][10] includes several possible mechanisms of polymerization of furfuryl alcohol with different types of catalysts, but until now there is no understanding about the chemical interaction between carbon nanotubes and PFA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%