The effect of chronic ammonia exposure on acute-phase proteins, immunoglobulin, and cytokines in laying hens

Abstract

Ammonia (NH3) is a potential health hazard to both humans and animals, causing local and systemic low-grade inflammation based on its levels and exposure durations. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of 45 wk of exposure to 30 ppm NH3 on the concentrations of acute-phase proteins, immunoglobulins, and cytokines in laying hens. At 18 wk of age, a group of Hy-Line W-36 hens was randomly assigned to 4-hen cages. These cages were evenly divided between 2 environmentally controlled chambers. At 25 wk of age, one chamber was maintained continuously with fresh air (NH3 < 5 ppm; control group) and the other one was injected with NH3 and controlled at 30 ppm (NH3 group) for 45 wk. At 70 wk of age, blood and spleen samples (n = 8 per treatment) were collected for analyses of immunological parameters. No significant differences were observed in plasma levels of albumin, complement components (C)-3 and C-4, immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgA and IgG, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, or interferon gamma in the NH3 group compared to control group. Compared to control hens, NH3 exposed hens had higher plasma levels of α-1-acid glycoprotein (24%) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (54%) and higher mRNA expression of IL-1β (47%) and IL-6 (62.5%) in the spleen. These results indicated that hens may have the capability to adapt to chronic effects of moderate levels of NH3. Future studies should explore acute effects of NH3 at higher levels on hen health and welfare.

Prophylactic and immune modulatory influences of Nigella sativa Linn. in broilers exposed to biological challenge

“…Serum samples were examined for the biochemical changes in some parameters as total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, and creatinine calorimetrically [ 17 ]. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA concentrations were measured using immunoturbidimetric assay [ 18 ].…”

<p>Regulatory Effect of Anwulignan on the Immune Function Through Its Antioxidation and Anti-Apoptosis in D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mice</p>

“…15,[35][36][37][38] D-gal used to produce an aging model in the others' and our present studies decreased these immunoglobulins and declined the level of humoral immune response. 39,40 Anwulignan reversed these effects of D-gal and increased these immunoglobulins, suggesting that Anwulignan has a regulatory function on the humoral immune response of aging mice.…”

Improvement in the blood compatibility of polyvinylidene fluoride membranes via in situ cross‐linking polymerization

“…Protein adsorption on the surface of a biomaterial is considered a universal phenomenon after its contact with blood and the first step in the series of subsequent reactions. Exposure to contact phase proteins might lead to activation of the intrinsic coagulation pathway, thereby promoting thrombus formation . Therefore, protein adsorption on the surface of a material could be used to evaluate aspects of its blood compatibility.…”

“…Exposure to contact phase proteins might lead to activation of the intrinsic coagulation pathway, thereby promoting thrombus formation. [35][36][37][38] Therefore, protein adsorption on the surface of a material could be used to evaluate aspects of its blood compatibility. According to reports in the literature, increased hydrophilicity of a membrane surface should inhibit protein adsorption.…”