The effect of cadmium-nickel interactions on superoxide production, cell viability and membrane potential (E_M) in roots of two maize cultivars

Abstract

Effects of CdCl 2 , NiCl 2 or both on superoxide production, viability and membrane potential (E M ) of root cells in meristematic (MZ) and differentiation (DZ) zones of two maize cultivars (cv. Premia and cv. Blitz) were studied. Plants were supplied with 10 and 100 µM concentrations of heavy metals (HM). The responses in the studied parameters to HM were concentration-and time-dependent, and were found only in the cells of MZ. The treatment of roots with Cd-stimulated massive superoxide production, although to different extent depending on the cultivar, root zone, and metal concentration. The stimulating effect of Ni on oxidative burst in Cd-treated maize roots was related to an increased Cd-induced superoxide production. The cell death appeared between 24 and 48 h and between 12 and 24 h of the 10 μM and 100 μM metal treatments, respectively. This was in accordance with Cd-induced ROS (superoxide) production and the E M decline in the corresponding time periods. Cell viability, E M changes and partially superoxide production indicate that the impact of the metals on the studied parameters declined in the order Cd+Ni > Cd > Ni and that cv. Blitz tends to respond more sensitively than cv. Premia.

Hydrogen sulfide negatively regulates cd-induced cell death in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) root tip cells

“…Leaf cell death of the submerged angiosperm Ruppia maritima was observed after 3 or 5 d exposure to Cd [46]. The 10 μM and 100 μM Cd treatments resulted in the cell death which appeared between 24 and 48 h and between 12 and 24 h in maize, respectively [47]. Our results revealed that the longer the duration of exposure to 200 μM Cd, the greater the number of cells that die (Fig.…”

Physiological Responses to Cadmium, Nickel and their Interaction in the Seedlings of Two Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars

“…ability with a subsequent disturbance of the cellular ionic balance, recorded as an increased K + efflux or conductivity HM-treated plants (Wu et al 2003;Sanz et al 2009;Fiala et al 2015). The presence of 2 µmol/L concentrations of the HMs in the experimental solutions did not enhance K + leakage from the Premia leaf segments expressed as percent of total content in the surrounding media within 72 h. Such a response was significant only in the cultivar Blitz after the treatment with Cd + Ni (Table 2) and it was reported to be associated with metal-induced lipid peroxidation in rice (Gajewska et al 2012).…”

“…In fact, PM contains potential Cd-and Ni-sensitive enzyme systems, such as PM H + ATPase (Ros et al 1992). An increase in ermeability related to membrane damage was observed in plants subjected to Cd and Ni stress (Sanz et al 2009;Fiala et al 2015), resulting in disruption of membrane integrity and ionic homeostasis of cells. On the other hand, ROS generated by Cd and Ni are generally reported to increase lipid peroxidation in plants (Wu et al 2003;Gajewska et al 2012).…”

Physiological and Gene Expression Responses of Six Annual Ryegrass Cultivars to Cobalt, Lead, and Nickel Stresses

“…Moreover, Ni can enhance the activity of various enzymes, and participate in resistance to abiotic stress. Therefore, Ni-deficient plants show symptoms, such as growth retardation and reduced nitrogen metabolism and iron absorption [7][8][9]. However, excess Ni can reduce the seed germination rate, negatively affect photosynthesis and respiration, and cause yellowing and necrosis of the leaves [10].…”