The Effect of Brimonidine Premedication on the Sympathetic Nervous System during Ketamine Anesthesia in the Ratv

Hwang, Kyu Sam; Choi, Yoon-Dong; Lee, So Young; Lee, Young-Su; Lee, Yoon Kyung; Jun, Hee Jung; Park, Soon Eun; Han, Sung Min

doi:10.4097/kjae.1999.37.1.125

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“…Brimonidine is clinically used in the treatment of glaucoma and facial congestion. No previous study has investigated the induction or maintenance of general anesthesia with brimonidine; however, a report of brimonidine is used for pre-anesthetic administration for animals, such as intraperitoneal injection of 30 μg/kg brimonidine, diminished the sympathetic nerve effect of ketamine general anesthesia in rats [ 1 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary evaluation of the efficacy and safety of brimonidine for general anesthesia

et al. 2021

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Background To determine the hypnotic and analgesic effects of brimonidine, and evaluate its efficacy and safety for general anesthesia. Potentiation of pentobarbital sleeping time following brimonidine administration was observed in mice, as was the analgesic activity of brimonidine. Methods The median effective dose (ED50) and lethal dose (LD50) of intraperitoneally injected brimonidine were determined in hypnotized mice. In addition, the LD50 of intravenously injected brimonidine, and ED50 of intravenously, intramuscularly, and intrarectally injected brimonidine in hypnotized rabbits were determined. Finally, the synergistic anesthetic effect of brimonidine and chloral hydrate was evaluated in rabbits. Results Intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg brimonidine enhanced the hypnotic effect of a threshold dose of pentobarbital. Intraperitoneally injected brimonidine produced dose-related analgesic effects in mice. The ED50 of intraperitoneally administered brimonidine in hypnotized mice was 75.7 mg/kg and the LD50 was 379 mg/kg. ED50 values of intravenous, intramuscular, and intrarectal brimonidine for hypnosis in rabbits were 5.2 mg/kg, 8.8 mg/kg, and 8.7 mg/kg, respectively; the LD50 of intravenous brimonidine was 146 mg/kg. Combined intravenous administration of 0.6 mg/kg brimonidine and 0.03 g/kg chloral hydrate had a synergistic anesthetic effect. Conclusions Brimonidine elicited hypnotic and analgesic effects after systemic administration and exhibited safety. Moreover, brimonidine enhanced the effects of other types of narcotics when combined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%