Preliminary evaluation of the efficacy and safety of brimonidine for general anesthesia

Chen, Bin; Wang, Xiaohui; Mengrou, Shi; Li, Xin; Zhang, Ting; Gao, Peng

doi:10.1186/s12871-021-01516-1

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The study shows that, the pain reflex test (minute) is acceptable for a large proportion of the (2 -5 minute) was (80.6%). These results are consistent with [26]; who studied the clinical outcomes of pain reflex test (minute) in mouse who underwent general anesthesia were similar to those achieved with the same dose of drugs.…”

Section: -9 Minutesupporting

confidence: 90%

Piracetam And Citicoline Effect on The General Anesthesia Animals Model

2022

pnr

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The brain is the target organ for both general anesthetic drugs and some drugs that are used to treat nervous disorders which cause brain activation such as piracetam and citicoline however, they work in contrast to each other.Objective: Our study set out to determine the effect of piracetam and citicoline on the anesthetic induction time.Method: For 10 days 24 mice had been treated with piracetam and citicoline in three groups (piracetam group, citicoline group, and mix group). In addition, 7 mice were used as a control group. All mice were assessed with open field test and underwent right reflex and pain reflex tests.Results: The statistical results showed there is a highly significant relationship between the groups that received drugs in comparison to the control group during assessment by open field test (during the first three sequences) with P-value (0.000, 0.039, 0.008), also a non-significant association relationship between the right reflex test and the drug (piracetam with citicoline). On the other hand, there was a highly significant association relationship between the pain reflex test and the drug (piracetam with citicoline) with P-value(0.009).Conclusion: the time required to achieve the surgical anesthesia stage had been delayed by the influence of piracetam and citicoline use.

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Section: -9 Minutesupporting

confidence: 90%

Piracetam And Citicoline Effect on The General Anesthesia Animals Model

2022

pnr

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“…The animals were examined for the first 2 h and then 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after the administration of the compounds. A visual evaluation of the behavior of the mice was carried out to determine whether they presented hypnosis or sedation, as described by Bin et al [ 63 ]. Hypnosis is indicated when righting (recovery from being positioned on the side) takes more than 10 s but less than 60 s; sedation is indicated when righting takes more than 60 s or, by default, sleep.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Step Synthesis, Crystallography, and Acute Toxicity of Two Boron–Carbohydrate Adducts That Induce Sedation in Mice

Cordova-Chávez,

Trujillo-Ferrara,

Padilla-Martínez

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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Boronic acids form diester bonds with cis-hydroxyl groups in carbohydrates. The formation of these adducts could impair the physical and chemical properties of precursors, even their biological activity. Two carbohydrate derivatives from d-fructose and d-arabinose and phenylboronic acid were synthesized in a straightforward one-step procedure and chemically characterized via spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction crystallography. Additionally, an acute toxicity test was performed to determine their lethal dose 50 (LD50) values by using Lorke’s method. Analytical chemistry assays confirmed the formation of adducts by the generation of diester bonds with the β-d-pyranose of carbohydrates, including signals corresponding to the formation of new bonds, such as the stretching of B–O bonds. NMR spectra yielded information about the stereoselectivity in the synthesis reaction: Just one signal was found in the range for the anomeric carbon in the 13C NMR spectra of both adducts. The acute toxicity tests showed that the LD50 value for both compounds was 1265 mg/kg, while the effective dose 50 (ED50) for sedation was 531 mg/kg. However, differences were found in the onset and lapse of sedation. For example, the arabinose derivative induced sedation for more than 48 h at 600 mg/kg, while the fructose derivative induced sedation for less than 6 h at the same dose without the death of the mice. Thus, we report for the first time two boron-containing carbohydrate derivatives inducing sedation after intraperitoneal administration. They are bioactive and highly safe agents. Further biological evaluation is desirable to explore their medical applications.

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“…The animals were examined for the first 2 hours, and then, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the administration of the compounds. The visual evaluation of the behavior of the mice was the tool to recognize if they presented hypnosis or sedation, as described by Bin et al [33]. For hypnosis, the righting (recovering from being positioned on its side) should be more than 10 seconds but less than 60 seconds; for sedation, the righting should be more than 60 seconds, or, by default, if they go asleep.…”

Section: Biological Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Step Synthesis, Crystallography, and Acute Toxicity of Two Boronic-Carbohydrate Adducts which Induced Sedation in Mice

Córdova-Chávez,

Trujillo-Ferrara,

Padilla-Martínez

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Boronic acids form di-ester bonds with cis-hydroxyl groups in carbohydrates. The formation of these adducts could impair the physical and chemical properties of the precursors, even their biological activity. Methods: Two carbohydrate-derivatives from D-fructose and D-arabinose and phenylboronic acid were synthesized in a straightforward one-step procedure and chemically characterized by spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction crystallography. Also, an acute toxicity test was performed to determine their Lethal Dose50 (LD50) by using the Lorke’s method. Results: Analytical chemistry assays confirmed adducts by the generation of the diester bonds with a β-D-pyranose of carbohydrates, including signals corresponding to the formation of new bonds, like the stretching of B-O bonds. The NMR spectra yielded information about the stereoselectivity in the synthesis reaction by the finding of just one signal in the range for the anomeric carbon in the 13C NMR spectra of both adducts. The acute toxicity tests showed that LD50 value for both compounds is 1265 mg/kg, while Effective Dose 50 for sedation is 531 mg/kg. However, differences were in the onset and lapse of sedation. Conclusions: These adducts are bioactive and highly safe agents. Further biological evaluation is desirable to explore medical purposes.

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Preliminary evaluation of the efficacy and safety of brimonidine for general anesthesia

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

Piracetam And Citicoline Effect on The General Anesthesia Animals Model

Piracetam And Citicoline Effect on The General Anesthesia Animals Model

One-Step Synthesis, Crystallography, and Acute Toxicity of Two Boron–Carbohydrate Adducts That Induce Sedation in Mice

One-Step Synthesis, Crystallography, and Acute Toxicity of Two Boronic-Carbohydrate Adducts which Induced Sedation in Mice

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