The effect of Brij® surfactants in sol–gel processing for the production of TiO2 thin films

Anderson, Ann-Louise; Binions, Russell

doi:10.1016/j.poly.2014.08.050

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This reduced particle size and enhanced particle definition increases the resulting surface area to volume ratio within the TiO2 thin film sample. This leads to improved functional properties, such as improved photocatalytic activity, which has been shown for Brij ® type surfactants in a previous study [13]. For example, samples produced without surfactant showed a photocatalytic half-life for the degradation of resazurin ink ranging from 9.5 to 16.5 min for the three-layer and two-layer sample respectively.…”

Section: Surfactant Influence On the Morphology Of Thin Filmssupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Typically, sol-gel methods have been modified with the addition of block co-polymer templating agents [11] or non-ionic surfactants, such as Triton X-100 [12]. Previously we have reported the use of Brij ® surfactants in a non-aqueous sol-gel process to produce TiO2 thin films with an increased average particle size and increased surface roughness, whereby such structural changes led to an increase in the photocatalytic activity of produced TiO2 thin films [13]. The use of such non-ionic surfactants in sol-gel processing is a commonplace strategy for the direct control of particle size and shape during the growth phase for the enhancement of resulting properties [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Tween® Surfactants in Sol-Gel Processing for the Production of TiO2 Thin Films

Anderson

Binions

2014

Coatings

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Titanium dioxide thin films were deposited using a Tween ® surfactant modified non-aqueous sol-gel method onto fluorine doped tin oxide glass substrates. The surfactant concentration and type in the sols was varied as well as the number of deposited layers. The as deposited thin films were annealed at 500 °C for 15 min before characterisation and photocatalytic testing with resazurin intelligent ink. The films were characterised using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Photocatalytic activity of the films was evaluated using a resazurin dye-ink test and the hydrophilicity of the films was analysed by water-contact angles measurements. Characterisation and photocatalytic testing has shown that the addition of surfactant in varying types and concentrations had a significant effect on the resulting thin film microstructure, such as changing the average particle size from 130 to 25 nm, and increasing the average root mean square roughness from 11 to 350 nm. Such structural changes have resulted in an enhanced photocatalytic performance for the thin films, with an observed reduction in dye half-life from 16.5 to three minutes.

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Section: Surfactant Influence On the Morphology Of Thin Filmssupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Tween® Surfactants in Sol-Gel Processing for the Production of TiO2 Thin Films

Anderson

Binions

2014

Coatings

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“…Adding Brij [Figure (b)] increased the surface porosity compared to that of the pristine pure PVDF membrane [Figure (a)]. As described earlier, because of the reduction in the thermodynamic stability and the increase in the solvent and nonsolvent exchange rate, instantaneous demixing occurred, and a porous surface structure was obtained . However, adding SiO 2 [Figure (c)] resulted in a less porous structure, similar to that of the pure PVDF membrane surface [Figure (a)].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“… reported that using a nonionic surfactant as an additive resulted in membranes with higher performance than those prepared with other surfactants. Brij is one such nonionic surfactants that can act as an amphiphilic pore‐forming agent and contains a hydrophilic head, varying numbers of polyoxyethylene (POE) groups, and a distinct hydrophobic tail consisting of a polymethylene chain . Omidvar et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effects of organic and inorganic additives in preparation of composite poly(vinylidene fluoride) antifouling ultrafiltration membranes

Wahab

Muchtar

Jeon

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Composite ultrafiltration membranes were successfully fabricated by blending a nonionic surfactant and inorganic nanoparticles via a nonsolvent‐induced phase separation (NIPS) method. Brij35 was used as the nonionic surfactant and silica (SiO2) nanoparticles from rice husk ash, a low cost and widely available material, were used as the inorganic nanoparticles. The synergetic effect of both additives was used to tailor the membrane structure and properties because the selected additives showed completely different or, in some cases, the opposite effect on the membrane properties and structure. The combined effects of Brij and SiO2 resulted in a membrane with a noticeable improvement in membrane overall performance including pure water permeability, hydrophilicity, antifouling properties, long‐term stability, tensile strength, on the cost of a slight decrease in membrane elongation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47737.

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“…However, in contrast to the Rz solution test, the Rz ink is very easily applied, quick to respond and easy to assess. As a result, it, and other paii's, are proving increasingly popular as a quick method for assessing the photocatalytic activities of surfaces [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Rz Ink Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and testing of novel photocatalytic TiO2 surface-exposed nanoparticle (TiO2-SEN) thin plastic films

McNeill¹,

Wells²,

Xu³

et al. 2019

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry

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Flexible, surface-active, polystyrene-based, optically transparent films, embedded with a coating of commercially sourced titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Evonik P25), are made by coupling the protonated TiO2 particles with an anionic phase transfer agent (tetraphenylborate), to create an ion paired species that is drawn to a water/dichloromethane (DCM) interface to form a monolayer. The latter is subsequently embedded in a thin polystyrene (PS) film, typically 2.5 m thick, by allowing the DCM to evaporate. The resulting clear TiO2 Surface-Exposed Nanoparticle (TiO2-SEN) thin plastic films are characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and found to have 25.3 ± 5.4 nm nanoparticles exposed to the air on one side and PS on the other. The photocatalytic activity of these films is demonstrated using a number of different tests including: the photooxidation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and methylene blue (MB) and the photoreduction of resazurin (Rz) and MB. In most of these tests the photoactivity of the film is more than double compared against that of a commercial photocatalytic film, Activ TM .

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The effect of Brij® surfactants in sol–gel processing for the production of TiO2 thin films

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

The Effect of Tween® Surfactants in Sol-Gel Processing for the Production of TiO2 Thin Films

The Effect of Tween® Surfactants in Sol-Gel Processing for the Production of TiO2 Thin Films

Synergistic effects of organic and inorganic additives in preparation of composite poly(vinylidene fluoride) antifouling ultrafiltration membranes

Production and testing of novel photocatalytic TiO2 surface-exposed nanoparticle (TiO2-SEN) thin plastic films

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