The Effect of Altitude on Inhaler Performance

Titosky, Jordan; Morin, Chelsea M.D.; Suderman, Jonathan; Olfert, Jason S.; Finlay, Warren H.; Vehring, Reinhard

doi:10.1002/jps.24032

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 41 publications

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“…Additionally, propellants (such as norflurane) may have anesthetic properties, relaxing the smooth muscles and adding unaccounted for synergy to the effect of the medication [99]. Standard hazards of pressurized containers (such as rupture) are also a concern while rare studies on the effect of altitude on dosing has found that some inhalation units may underdeliver at high altitudes, which is undesirable since the colder air found at such altitudes tends to exacerbate asthma [100,101].…”

Section: Propellant-pressurized Metered Dose Inhalersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Packaging and Delivery of Asthma Therapeutics

et al. 2021

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Asthma is a life-altering, chronic disease of heterogenous origin that features a complex interplay of immune and environmental signaling. Although very little progress has been made in prevention, diverse types of medications and delivery systems, including nanoscale systems, have been or are currently being developed to control airway inflammation and prevent exacerbations and fibrosis. These medications are delivered through mechanical methods, with various inhalers (with benefits and drawbacks) existing, and new types offering some variety in delivery. Of particular interest is the progress being made in nanosized materials for efficient penetration into the epithelial mucus layer and delivery into the deepest parts of the lungs. Liposomes, nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles, both natural and synthetic, have been explored in animal models of asthma and have produced promising results. This review will summarize and synthesize the latest developments in both macro-(inhaler) and micro-sized delivery systems for the purpose of treating asthma patients.

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Section: Propellant-pressurized Metered Dose Inhalersmentioning

confidence: 99%