Packaging and Delivery of Asthma Therapeutics

Abstract

Asthma is a life-altering, chronic disease of heterogenous origin that features a complex interplay of immune and environmental signaling. Although very little progress has been made in prevention, diverse types of medications and delivery systems, including nanoscale systems, have been or are currently being developed to control airway inflammation and prevent exacerbations and fibrosis. These medications are delivered through mechanical methods, with various inhalers (with benefits and drawbacks) existing, and new types offering some variety in delivery. Of particular interest is the progress being made in nanosized materials for efficient penetration into the epithelial mucus layer and delivery into the deepest parts of the lungs. Liposomes, nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles, both natural and synthetic, have been explored in animal models of asthma and have produced promising results. This review will summarize and synthesize the latest developments in both macro-(inhaler) and micro-sized delivery systems for the purpose of treating asthma patients.

Role of exosomes in exacerbations of asthma and COPD: a systematic review

“…Moreover, due to expression of molecules closely linked to the pathogenesis and phenotype of specific disorders, exosomes represent a promising tool for early disease diagnosis and personalized therapy (Purghè et al, 2021). Exosomes are characterized by considerable stability in extracellular environment, because of the lipidic bilayer, suggesting their potential application, not only as biomarkers but also as therapeutics agents (Mathis et al, 2021;Kadota et al, 2016). Engineered exosomes showed low immunogenicity and toxicity and could be able to deliver both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs, with a preserved activity, to target cells (Raimondo et al, 2019).…”

“…Exosomes are characterized by considerable stability in extracellular environment, because of the lipidic bilayer, suggesting their potential application, not only as biomarkers but also as therapeutics agents ( Mathis et al, 2021 ; Kadota et al, 2016 ). Engineered exosomes showed low immunogenicity and toxicity and could be able to deliver both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs, with a preserved activity, to target cells ( Raimondo et al, 2019 ).…”

Emerging Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Childhood Asthma

“…Mounting evidence showed that circERBB2 and circHIPK3 could sponge miR-98-5p and miR-326, respectively, and promoted the proliferation of ASMCs by targeting IGF1R and STIM1 ( Lin et al, 2020 ; Huang et al, 2021c ). Circ-0001359 could attenuate airway remodeling by targeting FoxO1-dependent M2-like macrophage activation, with sponging miR-183-5p ( Shang et al, 2020 ; Mathis et al, 2021 ) ( Table 4 ). At present, although there are many studies on the competitively sponging of circRNAs to miRNAs, the specific effect of these circRNAs on asthma is not completely clear.…”