Drug Administration by Inhalation in Children

Fonceca, Angela; Ditcham, William; Everard, Mark L.; Devadason, Sunalene G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-44887-1.00016-x

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 111 publications

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“…There are various routes of drug administration for pediatric patients, such as oral [93,94], dermal-transdermal [95,96], rectal [97], intramuscular [98], parenteral [99], intrapulmonary [100], and inhalation [101,102]. Generally, the ideal dosage form of high-quality pediatric medicines should take into consideration (1) that the amount of the API is adjusted to the age needs of the child, and thus the intended dose volume and size should be appropriate for the target age group; (2) the acceptability of the dosage form; (3) the palatability of the API, which may influence the choice of dosage form and its design, it being preferable that the dosage form is palatable in itself without any need for further modification, although in some cases the adding of excipients in the formulation is required for taste-masking purposes; (4) minimum dosing frequency, to guarantee the adherence to the dosing scheme both by caregivers and by older children; (5) the end-user needs, for instance, water accessibility, which is important when a medicine needs to be dissolved, diluted, or dispersed prior to administration; or, for example, (6) the regional and cultural differences that may impact the preferred tastes and flavors [12].…”

Section: Administration Route and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms In Pedi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Drug Development: Reviewing Challenges and Opportunities by Tracking Innovative Therapies

Domingues,

Jarak,

Veiga

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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The paradigm of pediatric drug development has been evolving in a “carrot-and-stick”-based tactic to address population-specific issues. However, the off-label prescription of adult medicines to pediatric patients remains a feature of clinical practice, which may compromise the age-appropriate evaluation of treatments. Therefore, the United States and the European Pediatric Formulation Initiative have recommended applying nanotechnology-based delivery systems to tackle some of these challenges, particularly applying inorganic, polymeric, and lipid-based nanoparticles. Connected with these, advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) have also been highlighted, with optimistic perspectives for the pediatric population. Despite the results achieved using these innovative therapies, a workforce that congregates pediatric patients and/or caregivers, healthcare stakeholders, drug developers, and physicians continues to be of utmost relevance to promote standardized guidelines for pediatric drug development, enabling a fast lab-to-clinical translation. Therefore, taking into consideration the significance of this topic, this work aims to compile the current landscape of pediatric drug development by (1) outlining the historic regulatory panorama, (2) summarizing the challenges in the development of pediatric drug formulation, and (3) delineating the advantages/disadvantages of using innovative approaches, such as nanomedicines and ATMPs in pediatrics. Moreover, some attention will be given to the role of pharmaceutical technologists and developers in conceiving pediatric medicines.

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